Ziektu: Kh Thang Dailo
Hi a chunga zawna hi Hmar mitin inhnikna le zawna pawimaw tak a nih a. Tulai lem hin chu ei thu buoipui (burning issue) a niin ka hriet a. Hmar trong hi ka thiem naw zie le a ziek tieng a lem chu literature tling khop ka ziek thei naw zie ka hriet a. Amiruokchu hi thupui hi ka lo inhnikna a ni leiin le Hmar Literature Society (HLS) hi rongbawlna anga ngaia hun tam tak ka lo hmang ve na a ni leiin ka ngai dan le thra dinga ka ngaihai ka hung ziek lang ve a nih.
Literature hi iem a na?
English dictionary tieng ei en chun, “Pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poem(in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines)” ti le “Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value” ti dama hrilfie a nih a.
Chun literature umzie chieng taka hrilfie hi thil harsa tak chu a nih. Khawvel hung inher dang lam – social le moral value hai, economic le political condition hai a hung danglam angin literature ngaihlut chi le literature umzie hrilfiena khom a hung danglam hlak. Chuleichun a ziektu (author) chunga nêkin a tiemtuhai chungah an nghat nasa lem amani ti dingin a um. Emily Bronte ziek “Wuthrering Heights” (1847) chu a hun laiin mihaiin ieng a khom an ngai noh a. Chuong ang bok chun Herman Melville lekhabu ziek Moby-Dick (1851) khom kha khawvel ngaisang le literature ropui le hrilfâk a vaihnung tulai khawvel a hin an hung ni ve chau a. Literature thra le thralo hriet ringot khom chu harsa tak a ni ti chu hi thila inthok hin hriet thei a nih.
Literature chu a tiemtu mipui an poimaw ei ti zing laiin a ziektu (author) poimawna le an thuziek hai hi “Imaginative or creative writing, of recognized artistic value” a ni zie chu ei ngâitha ruol a ni noh. V.S.Naipaul (Nobel Prize in Literature, Man Booker Prize, Jerusalem Prize dawngtu) hi a thil ziekhai mihaiin an ngaihlut êm leiin a private lekhathon hai chenin literature anga ngai pawl mihriem an um. Ziektuhai ngaisang le chawimawi khom tiemtuhai thaw ding chu a lo ni zing el. Ei lekha ziek thiemhai ngaisang le infui thrat hi a poimaw khop el. Literary criticism ni si lova mi lu tan zawnga in sawisel hi literature thila chun thaw lo chi a nih.
English dictionary-a a umzie ei hmu ang hi ei pawm ding a ni chun Literature ti hi a lo inthûkin lekha ziek le lekhabu naran hai hi chu Literature an tling zo naw hle tina ning a ta. Chun, tulaia ei buoipui spelling (aw,o,tr hmang thu) lem hin chu Literature umzie tak a tawk phâk naw hle tina ning a tih. English literature le trong ei ngaisang vieu hi ei en chun spelling hi an suk danglam nasa êm êm a. Ka ruolpa, famtah Dr. Lalnghorlien in Kolkata University a M.A. English an chûk laia a min en tir Old English lem chu a tiem khom harsa ka ti hiel a, a spelling hai a dang lam taluot leiin. Chun trong hrim hrim hi inthrang zing, thrangtawp neilo ani leiin ei trong le a spelling chen hi inthrang zing ding a nih a. Tulaia mobile phone-a ei SMS trongbau le spelling hai khom hi ei literature a hin a la hung inzellût hun la um mei a tih. Chun, tulai spelling danglam ei hung hmang hin ei ‘hawrawp (script)’ a suk danglam noh a. Meitei hai anga ‘Meitei maziek’ hawrop danglam tak ei hung thaw a ni nawh a. Ei trong thumal rîk dân (sound) a awthrat lem le ziek inhoina dinga ngaituotu hai hung suksuok a nih a. Hi thil hin ei literature a tawk buoi phâkin ka hriet noh a; Hnam buoina intlun hiel dinga lâk chi a ni noh.
Chu lei chun kei khoma tulai spelling thaw dan thar an hung thaw hi a remchanga ka hriet leiin ka lo hmang ve el a. Hi hmangtu le suklartuhai “Hnam hmelma” ang hiela hril hi chu ngaidan puitlinglo niin ka hriet a. Hi spelling thaw dan hi thra ka lo ti ve leia hnam hmelma hiel ni thei a inhrietna ka nei naw bok.
Amiruokchu tulai thila Hmar trong MIL anga University le Board hnuoia exam-na thua fedan pheikhai ruol taka spelling thua khom la fe dinga HLS hotuhai ngirhmun hi a la trul nia ka hriet leiin ka pom a. Hun hung inher peiin spelling tharhai hi ei pom thei hun khawm a la hung um thei a. Chu huna chun Hmar MIL answer paper entuhai khawma American English le British English anga inruol taka mark an pek hun khom a la hung tlung ka ring. Chuleichun ei thupui tak Hmar Literature Society sukhmasawn ding chun a hotu le thuoituhai khoma literature umzie inthûk le zau anga an mi thruoi hi a poimaw hle niin an lang. Hmathlir hla tak le lien tak neia inthrang lien pei dingin ei dit êm êm a ni.
Manipur sorkarin Class V chena ding Hmar tronga inchûktir phalna le Text book ziek dinga a hung ti khan kei khom a buoipuitu lai ka thrang ve leiin “Literature” thumal hi Hmar trongin iem ting ei ta? tia hriltlangna kan nei hlak a. Lekha ziek le lekhabu naranhai hlak hi literature tling zo naw niin ei hriet si a. “Thuziek le lekhabu ei hringnun tawk, sukchâng le ro anga ei ngai hiel hai hi an ni leiin Nunrobu ting ei tiu” tia rotna ka siem chu ruolhai khoma thra an lo ti vieu el a. Hmar trong bîk text book hai chu NUNROBU ti hminga sut an hung ni ta nghe nghe a.
History of Hmar Literature Society: Hmar Literature Society hi ieng tik kum chara a hming hi ei nei tran am ka hriet nawh a. Amiruokchu a trantu, a phurtu hmasa tak le tulai ngirhmun ei tlung theina chu Kohran/Mission a nih a. Kohran/Mission zarin thu le hla hai ei hung nei a. Tusep, lêngzêm le hnam hlahai lem hi chu a vaihnung deuva ei hung nei chau an nih a. Ei lekhabu nei hmasa hai chu Pathien thu le hlahai an ni deu vong. Chun, ei Mission school hai chun lekha inchûkna tieng hma hung lain Hmar trong text book hai a hung siem pei a. Ei Literature foundation chu kohran/mission hi a nih. Hihi hre thiemin Hmar Student’s Association chun Dr. Thanglung khom “Father of Hmar Literature” ti title ei pek hiel a ni kha. Hi thil hi thilthra ei thaw ding ei thaw niin ka hriet.
Hmar Literature thua kohran/mission thruoituhai poimaw zie hi hei hril sei met ka nuom. Kohran hmasa hai chun Lusei trawng hi thuhrilnaa hmangin Lusei hla ruok an sak hlaka. Hlaphuoktuhai khawma Lusei trawngin an phuok bawk a. 1922 kumin Pu H.K.Dohnuna kohran/mission Field Superintendent a hung ni a. A ma hin kohranhai chu mani trawng ngei a thuhril ding le hla khawm sak dingin an fui hlak a. Pu H.K.Dohnuna in a ti leiin Pu Rev.Thangngur le hlaphuoktu danghai khawma Hmar trawnga hla phuok an thaw tran chau nia hril a nih. Chun, Pu H.K.Dohnuna Field Superintendent nina hnuoiah Lusei trawng a inchuktirna le lekhabu (text book) bân a, Hmar trawng a inchuktirna le text book hai hmang a hung ni bawk. Kum 1927 in Pu H.K.Dohnuna chun Assam sawrkar Director of Public Instruction a inthokin Lakhipur Mission School a Middle English School Exam phalna a hmu a. Pu H.K.Dohnuna hin Hmar Primer hmasa tak, BUBUL ti chu a siem a. Hi BUBUL copy hi hmu zo a ni ta nawh a. A lo hmu le kawl dam ei um chun Hmar Literature Society hotuhai inhriettir dinga thra a nih. Hieng anga Hmar trawng le education thua hmalatu hmasa a ni lei hin Kei lem chun “Pu.H.K.Dohnuna hi Hmar Literature Pâ tia hriet zing tlâk ni vein ka hriet” tiin ka lo ziekin ka lo hril hlak. Ei Kohran le thuoitu haiin Hmar Literature Society hi an hung phur peia. Ka hriet dan hi an dik chun Kum 1961 – 1969 sung khan Rev.Lalthankhum Sinate, Vice President PMS chun HLS Secretary a chel a. Hi hun sung bok hin Pu H.L.Daka chu Chairman niin, hun iemani hnunga khan Rev. Darsanglien Ruolngul, Executive Secretary, ICI chun Chairman sin chu a hung chel a. Hieng hun lai hin Manipur ah Secondary Board of Education a la um noh a. Assam sorkar le Education Board hnuoia thil hni le thaw a trul a. Matric/HSLC exam-na a Hmar Vernacular paper ei nei theina ding le Hmar medium text book hai sorkar pomna dingin nasa takin thrang an lo lâk hlak. Kohran/Mission sum sengin hma an lo pu hlak. Kum 1964 a Rev. Lalthankhum Sinate, Rev. Hrangtawnlien le Rev. Ruolneikhum Pakhuongte haiin ei Hmar school text book neihai chawia Assam sorkar le Assam Board of Secondary Education an inhmupui thu le hnina an siem thu khom chieng takin ka lo hriet ve. Ei Mission/Kohram thuoitu haiin HLS ta ding le Education ta dinga an thawhai hi article a hin hril seng an noh. Chun literature chu hrillo, ei hnam le trong India constitution hrietpuia ei um thei hi Mission/Kohran hotu thaw a ni chu mitin hriet a nih.
Chuleichun, kohran/mission thuoituhai hi inza le chawimawi hi tulai thuoitu hai hin ei mawphurna niin an lang.
Hienga Kohran hotuhai, an sin rik tak puma Hmar Literature Society an phur hi sawk zangkhai nuomna le sin hrat nawkzuola a fe nuomna a hung um a. Kum 1969 khan General Body Meeting kovin HLS Active Body indin a nih a. Chutaka inthok chun Hmar Literature Society hi Active Body hin a hung phur tah a. General Body a hotuhai kha suk tawp le midang thlang an ni ti thu ruok chu ka la hriet noh. Acitve Body hmasatak Chairnam Pu Lalzarlien Darngawn, Secretary Pu Dr. Lalnghawrlien, Finance Secretary/Treasurer Pu Lalremthang Tusing le kei (Kh.Thang Dailo) khom a member pakhat lai ka thrang ve nghe nghe a. Kan term hun sung hin hmasawnna nasa tak a hung um vein ka hriet. Manipur sorkar ah nasa taka Hmar trong Primary РHigh School chena recognize dinga nawrna chu sin pui tak pakhat ani a. Manipur sorkarin major tribes 5 a ti (Hmar, Mizo, Paite, Naga le Kuki) hai Junior Basic (Class V) chen a dingin a hung pawm (recognize) phot a. Sorkar le Education Board ah thil thaw ding le nor ding tam tak inthuruola thaw a hung trul leiin All Manipur Tribal Literature Society Association ti chu hi hnam panga hai hin siem a nih a. Kei khom chu Association General Secretary sin chu 1981 - 1986 chen ka chel nghe nghe a. Chun sorkar le Board approved Hmar Text Book hai chu sutna dingin sum tam tak a hung trul a. Hieng ang thawna ding hin Partnership Mission Society in HLS ng̻nna lo pawmin Text bookhai chu sut thei a hung ni a. Chun, hi hnunga hin L & R Press khoma nasa takin thrang lo lain lekhabu iemani zat zet a hung sut ve ta nghe nghe a. An chung ah lawm a um ̻m ̻m el.
A chunga ka hril hnunga hin Hmar Literature Society hi hung inthranglien peiin Mizoram le Assam rama hai Branch/Regional Hmar Literature Society a hung pieng ta pei a. Tuhin chu Manipur le Assam rama hai Graduate level chena MIL anga Hmar trong lak theina ei hung nei thei tah a. State tina hotuhai thrahnemngai le sawl taka an thawna leiin hi ngirhmun hi ei hung kai thei tah a. Lawm a um tak zet a nih. Hienga thawtu hai hi an mimal hming tuhin ei la hril lang nawh a chu thrangthar haiin chawimawina an la hung inkhumtir ngei ding a nih.
Thukharna: Literature chu mihriem nunrobu a ni angin hnam ta dinga pawimaw le hmang trangkai thiem ei trul tak zet a. Lekha ziek (nunrobu) hung thawlawmtu (writers) hai hi an poimaw êm êm a. An thil ziek haiin mipui a thra zawng le se zawngin nasa takin a thruoi thei a. Karl Marx lekhabu Das Capital, Communist Bible tia an ko hiel chun khawvel mihriem chanve deuthaw a thruoi thei ti ei hriet.
Ziektu hai hi an fimkhur khom a trulin zaidaw thei ni khom an trul. An idea le thluok varna thu hai, la hre thiemlo hai barlui (impose) tumna a um chun indik naw ni.
Tiemtu mipui khoma lekhaziektuhai lekhaziek style le spelling hmanghai ei ril rem zawng ni naw sienla khom literature an tling phot chun hnawl el hi thil indiklo ning a tih. Emily Bronte ziek “Wuthrering Heights” (1847) chu kum zabi liem hnungah a thrat zie khawvelin a hriet chau ang kha ni pal inlau a um khop el.
Chun, Hmar Literature Society thruoituhai khom a ei thil enkol le ei rongbawlna hi thil inthûk le lien tak a ni angin lungril lien le huopzau taka hma ei thruoi a trûl. Chun a chunga HLS history tlawm a zawng ei suklang ang khin HLS hi dam te te a, thruoitu hran hran thruoina hnuoia hung inthranglien pei a nih a. Tu lem hin chu State dang dang le University le Board dang dangin ei trong hi an lo pawm tah a. Regional a thruoituhai inpâk an um êm êm el. Hmatieng ei fe pei dan ding ngaituo a hun ta hle. Education thil a ni leiin centralized taka fe am federal taka mani umna thil umzie ang peia ei fe ding tihai hi ngaituo dinga thil poimaw tak a nih. Hmar Inpui dama a mi kokhawm theia fedan thra a mi relpui thei chun thil thra ning a tih.
October 15, 2013
Pune
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