Bu le Bal a Intodel

By Lalruotlien Hmar*, Parbung

In sung a pasie chun harsatna dang dang in a mi bawm hlak a, sungkuo khawm a hlim thei tak tak ngai nawh. Chuong ang bawk in, rambung khawm a pasie vek chun, a rama cheng mipui haiin harsatna le beidawngna chi dang dang haiin an tuom vel hlak a; helna dam, buoina dam, nuor intluokna hai hi a ra suok hlak. Rambung in hieng thil tlung thei dinghai po po laka an veng fimkhur le a pumpel theina ding chun, ei thupui tak, ‘Bu le bala intodel’, hi a ngaipawmaw hle a tul a nih.

Mi hausa khawm, bu fak ding a neinaw chun tam a pumpel thei bik chuong nawh. Chuleiin, fak le dawn nei lo chun, mi pasie le mi hausa, a dam bik ding ei um teu nawh. Eini Kristienhai khawma Pathien kuoma ei hni le ei ngen rawn tak nia ka hriet chu ‘bu’ hi a nih. “Nitin kan fakkhawp bu mi pe la”, tiin, Lal Biekna/Lal Tawngṭai ei hril hlak.

United Nation-in a hril dan chun, nitin hin khawvel mihriem mi 25,000 hai chu ṭam leia thi an nih. Mi hausa khawm bu fak ding a nei naw chun, ṭamin la thi tho a tih. Chuleiin, bu hi chu ei hringna a nih.

Eini tlangrama cheng le tlanglo sin thaw mihai hlak chun, ei lohma tharsuok haiin tlawm tieng a pan pei tah. Chuleiin, fak ding bu zawngin ei in lap rak rak hlaka, sawrkar-pa chu ‘Bupanga’ ei hmang a ṭul ta a nih.

Ei umna India rambung in, liemtah kum 1960’s hun lai khan, state thenkhathai chun lohma suok bu le bal le thlairahai nasa takin an thara, chu hun lai chu “Green Revolution”, tiin History a chen ziek lang hielin alo um a. Lo neitu haiin, nasa taka lohma tharsuok an hau theina ding tiin, Sawrkar Laipui chun loneituhai kuomah, ṭhangpuina hieng, bu chi thalem, khawl, tuilam, hnuoiṭhatna le thil dang danghai a peka. Bu chau ni lovin, wheat le thlaira chi hrang hrang hai khawm nasa taka tharsuokin alo um a nih. Hieng ang thil hi, Punjab, Haryana le Western Utter Pradresh ahai alo um tah. Ei ram ahin, hieng anga Sawrkar thiltum le ruongam hai dam hi, lo neituhai ta ding hin um thei sien chu ava ṭha awm de aw!

Vawisun ni chen hin, ei rambung chu bu le bal tieng, an todel ta em em a. Ni danga, rambung dan,g hieng Canada le US hai anthawka bu alo inchawk hlak kha tawp sanin, tuhin chu ei rambung hin, rambung hrang hrang hai a pek suok ve ta lem a nih. Khawvel hrietin India chu bu le bal thil ah antodel ti ani lai zing hin, a rama cheng mihriem 26% hai chun, nikhata bu vawihni khawm fa phak mumal lovin, Below Poverty Line (BPL) ngir hmunah an um ve thung. Chu hri chun Tipaimukh biela cheng mipuihai khawm ami tawk phak (affect) zing a. Ei MLA, ei khawtlang thuoituhai le hnam hmangaitu han mi uoksak hram naw hai sienla lem chu, a fur a ṭhalin ei ṭam ngat ngat el ding a nih; ei lo tharsuok bu le balhai hlak chun tlawmtieng a pan pei ta bawk leiin.

Food Security: Food Security ei ti hin, ṭam pumpel theina tina nisien a awm tak awm. Miin, Food Security a nei ding chun, thil chi thumhai hi enkhina in hmang a nih.

1. Bu le bal a um am (Food Availability)
2. Bu le bal a dawng am (Food Accessibility)
3. Bu le balhai chu a chan ding tawk a dawng am (Food Appropriateness), tihai hi an nih.

Food security ei nei theina ding chun bufai / food hai ei godown ahai ei seklawk a ngai a. Bufaihai chu, a rate controla ei inchawk a ngai bawka. Central sawrkar chun, lo neitu haiin, an lohma rasuok an zawr nuomhai in chawa a siena ṭha taka siema a tulna tieng tienga pesuoktu dingin, Agency a siem chu Food Corporation of India FCI an ti hi a nih. Lo neituhai lohma tharsuokhai chu Sawrkar chun Minimum Support Price (MSP) siem in, FCI hai ta dingin an chawk pek hlak. Bufai an chawk khawl hai chu Sawrkar bawkin rate fixed-a siemin (chu chu Issue Price an tih) a ṭulna hmun hmun ahai a supply hlak. FCI a inthawka supply ei dawnghai hi Fair Price Shop or Ration Shop haiin mipuihai kutah zawr suokna sin an thaw ding a nih. Chu fe dan chu Public Distribution System eiti hi a nih. Fair Price Shop or Ration Shop ei ti hi khawpui ahai, khawte ahai a um vawng ding ti a ni bawk a. Thil zawrhai khawm market rate neka tlawm ani bawk ding a nih. Chu dawra supplyhai inchawkna dingin in tin in Ration Card nei ei ta, chu Card entirnan, AAY, BPL, APL Card neihai chun an quota ang peiin an lak ding a nih.

State ṭhen ṭhen ahai chun, Food Security hi an ngai pawimaw em em a. Chuleiin, Cooperative societies hai dam siemin khawsung mipui harsatna hai nasa takin an sawk zang khai hlak. Entirna’n, Delhi a Mother Dairy ti a society indin hai chun, bawngnene product le hmeruohai control rate in mipuihai kuomah an zawr dawk a nih. Hieng ang bawkin, Gujarat-a Amul co-operative indin in a um.

Naute kum 5 hnuoi mihai, nu nau vawn laihai, le kum upa hai hin fak ṭha an mamaw bik zuol a. Anni hai ta ding bik in, sawrkar chun Food Security Program a siem peka. Chuonghai chu, ICDS le Mid Day Meal Program hai an nih. Hienghai baka khawm hin, Annapurna ei ti le AAY ei tihai khawm a um bawk a.

Inhma chun, ei umna Manipur ram khawm hi bu le bal thil a chu an todel em em hlak a. State dang danghai khawma an mi hung pur hlak kha alo nih. Nisienlakhawm, kum iemani chen a inthawk hin bu le bal thila hin tharsuok ei nei tlawm ta em em a, a State sawrkar khawmin a harsatpui ta hiel a nih. PDS khawm hi a Sate sawrkar chun, theitawp a hma lak a tum zing laiin, harsatna dang dang a tuok hlak leiin, mumal takin a fepui thei naw nisien a hawi. Ramhnuoimi, phairam le tlangrama umhai dam, transport harsatna lei dam, thawktu ringum nawna lei dam le Monopolist hai lei hin suk chiaiin a um hlak anga hril a nih.

Bu le bal thu a hin mitin in thuneina le chanvo “Right to Food” ei nei seng a. Chuleiin, “Right to food” ei ti hih, mihriemhai ta dinga Rights a bulṭhut ti in la indik a tih. Kum 2000 a UNDP Report dung zuiin, khawvel mihriem thina tuokhai laia a zatve hai chu, fak le dawn tlaksam lei le fakṭha dawng phak lo leia tlung a nih, tiin a hril. Miin a taksa ta dinga a mamaw le a ṭul zat fakṭha annawleh vitamin hai a fak naw leiin, sungkhaw, malaria, khawsikpui, thakpher le natna dang danghai a hung invawiin thlanmuol an liem tir hlak. Khawvel pumpui mihriem 925 million hai lai 7 billion mihriemhai chun an mamaw tawk fak ding ṭha dawng/hmu phak lo an nih. (UNFAD 2010 Report)

Right to Food: Mi piengken, kut le ke bawng, fak le dawn zawng thei talo khawm nisien, a hringna dinga fak le dawn a fak le a dawn chu a piengpui Rights a nih.

Rights to Food Under International Law: Khawvel pumpui dan ah, Right to Food hi Indopui-II zo khan UN General Assembly Resolution 3 hnuoia Human Rights dan zama a umna Article 25 a chun tarlang a nih. International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966, an hmangna a ,chun Right to Food hi tluong taka phursuok a ni theina dingin policy a zam a. Chuonghai chu:

I. Rambung hrang hrang ahai le khawvel pumpui a, bu-le bal thila an todel theina dingin, bu le bal tlosuok rawn dan ding ngaituo a, technical le scientific hrietna hai le khawl ṭhalem hai hmang rawn ding.
II. Rambung hrang hrang hai ṭhangruola, bu le bal thua harsatna tuok rambunghai ṭhangpuina pek.
III. ‘Nutrition’ fak le dawn tha, mihriemin a pawimaw danghai inchukna le hrilhrietna tieng thua nasa nawk zuola hma lak tumna.

Ṭam hi ei lo hma tharsuok (Production) tlawm lei an nawh a,ei dawng ding ang (accessibility) ei nei/hmu ṭhatnaw lei a nih – Amartya Sen

(Millenium Development Goal (MDG) – Reducing the percentage of hungry people to half its value by 2015)

National Food Security (NFS) Act, 2010: National Food Security (NFS) Act, 2010 hi hmang ṭan hung ni vak tang a tih. Sawrkar laipui a Bill an putluot laiin, ennawnatu dingin tuta President Pranab Mukherji inrawina hnuoiah Minister rawikhat hai le National Advisory Council (NAC) ṭhangthlang dinga ruot an nih.. Hi Act in a goal tak chu “Food for all and forever” ti a nih.

Food Security Act fe pui tum dan le hmang tum dan hi, mithiem thenkhat hai chun an sawisel zeu zeu a. “Food Security chu Public Distribution System (PDS) chau inkawktir thei ni naw nih. Fak le dawn tha (Nutrition) hai khawm a huomsa ding a nih. Chu umzie chu Food-cum-Nutrition security dam ti thei dinga induong lem nisien”, ti hai hih an sawiselna thu ṭhenkhat chu a nih [K.R.Vendugoppal. IAS (Rtd) Formerly Secretary to the Prime Minister and Special Rapporteur, National Human Rights Commission].

Thurawn pakhat nawk thung chu, insung pakhatin food security a nei ti hrietna ding chu, Food (Bu le bal) le inzawma scheme dang a dawng vena kha a nih. Entirna’n, AAY a dawnga or IAY le TPDS hai a dawng ṭhanaw alo ni chun food security a nei ti thei ni nawng a tih. Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) huong sunga household (inkhat) pakhat peiin bufai 35 kgs thlatin a dawng ding a nih. Schemes hieng ICDS, MDM, MGNREGS, AAY, Annapurna, NOAPS ahai hin bu le bal thuhai a ṭhangsa vawng leiin.

TPDS, AAY le Annapurna Schemes: TPDS in a tarlang dan chun inkhatin bufai average 60 kgs thlakhat a dingin a dawng dinga ti ana. Hieng ang deu hih MGNREGS hnuoia khawm bu le bal dawng thei dan a um bawk a. Ni 100 an hlawna a khan nitin 2.5 kg chu cereal wage component a ni ding a nih. Cereal ei ti hai chu machi, tlaimu hme chi etc.

India sawrkar chu AAY le Annapurna scheme (TPDS le thangkawpin) dawng thei dinga a tihai chu:

1. BPL sungkuo hai laia a pasie zuol bikhai, neilo, tlanglo sin thaw mihai, thirsutuhai, carpenters hai, hmeithai hai, tlangram a mi le phairam hai a huom sa veve.
2. Insunga pakhat mihriem kum 60 chungtieng in a enkawl, hmeithai, piengken, natna kumhlun nei.
3. Primitive tribal insung – AAY scheme hnuoia bufai inkhatin thlakhata a dawng thei zat chu, 35 kg @ Rs.4 per kg a nih.
4. Kum upa (senior citizen), kum 65 chungtieng hai, NOAPS la dawng lohai chun thlakhata bufai 10 kg mi pakhatin a tlawn in dawng thei an tih.

India mipuihai, abikin, mi pasie zuol bikhai ta dingin, bu le bal thil le inzawm schemes le program iemanizat a um a. Naute sikul la kailo hai huong sunga ding, sikul naupang huong sunga ding, nupui, pitar, putar huongsung a ding hai popo hi tha taka implement ani phat chu, mipui haiin bufai le civil supply hai ei in deinaw vet hi, zangkhai pha hleng a tih.

(July 6, 2013. Parbung)