INPUI: Hmar News & Info

By Lal Dena*

Ei tawng hi a mawia, a mawi ang huin mi tam takin ei ziek suok zo naw lem a nih. Chun, ei tawng ri suok ang tak khawmin ei ziek dik naw bawk. J.H.Lorrain le F.W.Savidge-in Lusei tawng ziekna dingin Roman hawrawpa inthawkin hawrawp an hung siem suok a. Hmar tawng ziekna khawmin ei hung hmang ve el an tah. Ei tawng hi chik taka suihtuhai chun tuta ei alphabet hmang hai hin ei tawng ri dang dang hai an represent zo vawng nawh a, belsa tulin an hril hlak. Chu tieng pang chu la maksan hring ei tah, ei tawng ziek dan dutui nawk zuol ei nuom leiin, in lo ngaituo ve dingin atlawm azawng ka hung thursuok a nih.

1.Prose tawng le poetical tawng thlier hrang: Thutluongtlam tawng (prose) le hla tawng (poetical word) hmang pawl naw thei ni sien. Mi tam takin Hmar tawng ziek thlum an tum pha hla tawng an hmangsa nuol hlak. Kei khawm High School ka kai lai chu love letter ziek chang hla tawng ka lo hmang nasa ve hle hlak. Zan thla varin eitukver a hung khaw a, khawsawt lai tak love letter ei heih ziek lem chun hla thu’n (poetic word) a tiel buoi naw thei nawh: “Dittak, vawizana sawrlothlapui var kha I lo hmu ve ngei ka ring a. Ei kar tluonglam ang hla sienkhawm, singmit bek chu sawrthlapuiah khin dar ang an intawng ka beisei. Tawnmanga bek buon ang ei inpawm duoi rawiin ti’n laikhum bel zai ka rel tah a…” A tiemtu chun thlum ti mei a tih. Khi thu ziek khi hla tawngin a tiel buoi nasa hle. Alexander Pope-in “prose runs mad”a ti ang pawl ning a tih.

Hmar tawng hausakna pakhat chu prose tawng hran ei nei a; hla tawng hran ei nei bawk a. Prose ziek hrim hrima hla tawngin a tiel buoi ding a nih nawh, dan lo a nih. Indik si lo ei ching zawngsak pakhat dang chu “thi” hmangna dinga hla tawng “fam”ei hmang kher dam hi a nih. Saptawng a “late” lamtawi (L) mi thi tah hai hmingbulah ei ziek hlak a, hi hi hmang ve el inla. Hmar tawng khera ei ziek nuom leh thi tah ti aia (T/t) hmang el inla. Thusep chu thusepin fe sien, hla chu hlain fe el raw se. Amiruokchu, ei thusep ziek thlawptu le kawmmawitu dinga hla chang laksawng ruok chu a pawi nawh.

2. “H” belna dinga H bel: Ei tawngah hin “H” belna ding a tam em em. H bel loa kawk dang, H bela kawk dang daih neih tam tak a um. Entirna: bau (bufakna bau), bauh (ui inbauh, mi bauh), chau (hrat naw), chauh (thil tlawm hrilna), chai (sukdar), chaih (siel chaih/lekha chaih), dai (huondai), daih (huntawk). Deu (hmusit)- Mi deu ching naw rawh. Deuh: Ni tin Isu ka lungrilin ka hmangaih deuh deuh a. Ruola, ka pawisa chawiin a daih nawh. Dai bulah kan zun huou huou. Mi’n an ko che chun inhawi vat hlak rawh. Ei tawngah thumalhaiah a bikin vowel-a tawpah hin”H” belna ding tam tak a um. ; etn: ai, ei. Au-a tawp haiah hin a thu izira h belna ding a tam.

3. William Pettigew style-LH/OU: Rev William Pettigrew khan thilthaw suol tam tak neih sienkhawm, thiltha tam tak a thaw ve tho. Meitei, Tangkhul le Thadou tawnghai kha a lo thiem em em a. Hieng tawng pathumhai grammar khawm a lo siem a; vawisun chena linguist-hai rawn tak a la ni zing. Linguistic research tienga a thaw hlawk leiin Royal Asiatic Society-ah member inza um a kai hiel. Eini’n HL ei hmangna po po-ah hin Pettigrew chun LH a hmang lem; entirna Lhungdim. Eini chun Hlungdim ti’n ei ziek lem. Nasal sound-a inthawka suih khawmin Lhungdim tia ziek hi an dik lem a nih. Chuleiin, hl ei hmangna po po hai hi lh hmang lem a awm. Entirna: Hi ka thutak le ka lha ni sien.

Pettigrew-in Meitei le Thadou-hai ta dingin O aiin OU a siempek a. Entirna: Thoudam, Thoubal, thounaphaba, add. Thadou hming le thumal khawm O aia Ou hmang vawng a nih; etn: Touthang, Lhouvum, Sitlhou le add A thenin thluktawia AW aiin Saptawnga O ei hmanga. O hmangna hrim hrim thumal hran tam tak ei neih bawk a. Thluktawia AW aia O ei hmang ta si chun, O hmangna renga hai OU hi hmang law law lem inla. Entirna: Khoubak an sang. Mi pou pou hlouhna ang an nih, add. . Eini lai mi thenkhatin Pettighrew style hi an kawpi ve a, Zote tia ziek dingin Joute ti’n an ziek hlak. An hming chu an nuom nuomin ziek raw hai se.

4. G.A.Grierson style MH: Linguist hmingthang G.A.Grierson chun Linguistic Survey of India-ah hieng ang hin ei hnam hming a ziek ei hmuh a: MHAR. Heih suih chet chet tu’m, a lo indik lem a ni naw maw? Ei tawng thumal tam tak hi hnar ria inthawka a lamrik ziek suok chun mhar, mhangaih, mhasiel, add, tia ziek lem ding ni awm tak a nih. MH ang bawka hmang ding LGN a um nawk a. Mizo Tawng Chikna ziektu Prof Zuali Chhangte, Linguist Expert khawmin “ngha, ngat, nghawr, add” a ziek hlak hai hi H a hmasa ding a nih a tih,etn:“hnga,hngawr”le add.

Hi ruol ruol hin HR ei hmang hai po po khawm hi RH ni lem awm tak a nih. Welsh mihai chun eini’n HR ei hmangna po poah RH an hmang lem tlat,etn: Rhiannon Eini chun Hriannon ti’n ziek ei tih. Thumal hieng rhietna (hrietna), rhawk (hrawk,), rhat (hrat), rhiemrhei (hriemhrei), add, ti hai khawmhi R a hmasa lem ding ni awm tak a nih.

5. T hnuoia sunhang aia TR/tr hmang: Tulaia ei chaih vet t hnuoia sunhang aia TR (tr) hmang hi zuk suih met ei tih. A hmaa ei hril ta angin, Pu Buong-hai ruolchamin ei tawng lam dikna dingin AW (crawl) , CH=chaw, NG=eng an mi lo siemsa pek a. Hi hawrawp pathumhai hi an lang dana Roman hawrawp pahni siekawp ni hai sienkhawm pakhat an nih a, ri khat an neih bawk, a hmangnaah khawm fe kawp peiin ei the ngai nawh. Entirna: Aw chawlna ram ngaiin kan rum. Hi taka aw, ch, ng hai hi an karah hawrawp dang tla zep a um nawh. A san chu hawrawp pakhat an ni tlat leiin.

Hieng ang bawkin T hnuoia sunhang aia TR (tr) hmang ei tiu; TR/tr= tri. Tuhin chu Aw, Ch le Ng-haiin ri khat an neih ang bawkin tr hi tri a ni tah, ri khat chauh neih hawrawp a nih ve. AW, CH le NG pakhat an nih a, the loa, ei hmang ang bawkin tr khawm pakhat, ri khat neih tri a ni leiin the loin ei hmang ding a nih. Entirna: Ka phing a tram. Kristien, trawngtrai zing rawh. Trhangpui ngai hai trhangpui hi a trha. Hi takah hin en rawh leh, tr hi aw, ch le ng ang bawkin pakhat a ni ta leiin ei hmang kawp peih a nih. Tr ei hmang ding chun hieng ang hi hmang dan ding a nih. T-h-r-angpui tia ei ziek chun tr a ni tah nawh, a kara consonant pakhat h a tla tah leiin, an dik thei nawh. Tr hmang hi a trha, a remchang; amiruokchu trhe hran loin hmang a trha. Thenkhat chun Sap le hnam dang ha’n lam thiem naw ni hai lo ti rek an tih. Hmar tawng an lam/hmang thiem nuom chun an inchuk el ding a nih. Eini khawma Saptawng anni anga lam thiem ei tuma, ei inchuk el a nih.

Thu tlang kawmna: Khi taka point pakhatna le pahnina khi chu awlsam takin ei hmang nghal thei ring a um. Amiruokchu, point pathumnaa inthawk pangana chen khi chu an dik ti inla khawm Serhmun khuoa lunghlu zawr tum ang chauh la ning ei tih. Tu theida lo dingin eini rawi chu “kan thaw dan kher, ka ti dan kher“ti mi ei ni a; “O ti rawh” an ti khawma, “Kan in ka thlen huna zawng ‘auh’ ka ti leh tho tho ang” ti pawl deuh ruok ei nih. Linguistic subject tieng khawm eini mi ngei research scholar fel tak tak ei neih tah a. Mysore-ah Linguist Expert-hai leh khun ei alphabet le trong thua workshop dam la neih thei inla chu, ra trha la hung suok ngei a tih.

*Prof Lal Dena is a professor of history at the Manipur University and patron of Inpui.com

Ziektu: Prof. Lal Dena*, Inpui.com Patron

I

Literechar umzie

Hmar literechar chanchin ei hril hma’n, literechar umzie la zuk tuihni met inla. Sap tawng thumal tam tak Hmar tawnga ei lak lut mek a; chuhai laia pakhat chu literechar thumal hi a nih ti ei hriet seng. Literechar ti hi Hmar tawnga a tlukpui chie thumal pek an tak hle. Dr (L) Lalnghawrlien chun literechar umzie a teuh tak nia a ngai thumal chu ‘nunrobu’ a lo tih a. Amiruokchu hi hin lekhabu a kawk bik deuh a. Literechar hi lekhabu ni loin lekhabuah um thu hlu a nih lem a. Lekhabu nazawng hi literechar a ni kher bawk nawh. Mi thenkhat chun literechar chu ‘thu le hla’ an ti bawk a. Amiruokchu thu nazawng khawm chu literechar a ni nawh a, hla nazawng khawm literechar a tling bawk nawh

Prof (L) Siamkima chun literechar umzie hieng ang hin a lo hril ve thung a: “Literechar chu thu iengkhawm, mihriem hringnun le inlaichinna nei chi, hun sawt sung hlutna nei dinga fel fai le tha taka ziek hi a nih” tiin. Fel fai le tha taka ziek ding chun tawng hmang khawm a tha theipatawp le a uluk theipatawp a tul a, a ziek dan kalhmang khawmin a zir a tul bawk. Mihriem ta dinga hun sawt tak sung hlutna nei ding chun, mihriem nun hrilsuokna, mihriem ngainuom ti zawng, hrietzing tlak, thuvar, suongtuona thu le duthusamhai khawm an ni ding a nih. Hieng ang zul bawk hin Dr(L) Lalnghawrlien bawkin literechar umzie a hmu dan a lo ziek nawk a: “Literechar chu mihriem lungrilin a suongtuo tha tak, insang tak, inthuk tak le lien tak, nuna tuok le a tak hlim thlaa suongtuona rama siem le mani mihriem chanpuihai hriet ve dinga ziek chu a nih” tiin. Chu umzie chu ei beiseina, ei beidawngna, ei hlimna le lawmna, ei tapna le innuina, ei hlawtlingna le hlawsamna, ei nuorna le phengna, mihriemin ei tawnhriet po po puongsuokna chu literechar a lo nih. Literechar chun mihriem hringnun hi a nina ang takin an mi’n hmutir a. Hringnun hi an hawihna le a rinumna inkawpa siem a na, a hlim umna chauh ei thlang thei nawh a; an pahni’n an inkawp naw chun nun hi a famkim thei nawh. Literechar chun mihriemin dam lai khuolzinnaa ei tawnhriet po po hi a fuon khawm vawng a nih.

Literechar chun hringnun hlutna a mi hril a. Chu hringnun hlutnahai chu kawng dang dangin suklangin a um a. Chuonghai chu hla dam (poetry), lemchangna thu (drama) dam, thawnthu (novel) dam, thusep (essay) dam, tienami tawi (short story), tienami hrim hrim le a dang dang an nih. Mihriem, a hun lai le a kawl leh kienga chim veltuhai chu literechar innghatna bul an nih a. Hringnun le a tak ram nun, hla, thawnthu le lemchangnahaia chun thai langin an um a. A tir chun baua inhlan sawng pi pu thusim, lalhai, lal nauhai, lalnuhai, mi lienhai, mimir le rannunghai chanchin chenin a mi hril hlak. Literechar chu baua inhlan sawnga inthawkin damte’n zieka hung umin khawvel pumpui huop tienami dang dang hai dam ei hung tiem thei pha ta a nih. Literecharah hin hringnun thutak le thil ni chie chiehai ei hmuh a. Chuong ang bawkin suongtuona khawmin sinsiena le tienamihai hmangin hringnuna thudik thailangnaa literecharah hmun pawimaw tak a nei bawk.

II

Literechar chi hnihai

Sap ziektu hmingthang De Quincy chun literechar hi pahni’n a lo the a: hrietna mi petu literechar le thilthawtheina mi petu literechar. A hmasa lem khin hrietna le thiemna a mi pek a; a nuhnung lem khin hrietna le thiemna ruolin thilthawtheina a mi pek belsa a nih. Enrirna dingin hrietna literechar chu hieng science, humanity le social science sapzek dang danghai hi an nih. Chun thilthawtheina literechar chun lungril le ngaituonahai thuoiin a mawr a; turin pangti thizam a fang angin mi a fang vel hlak. Entirna dingin John Milton-in Ei Paradis Inhmang a ziek le John Banyan-in Kristien Vanram Lampui Hraw a ziek hai hi ei hang tiem chun thawkkhat loin mani ei intheinghila, ei ngaituona a thuoi hmang a, suongtuona khawvel dangdaihah an mi sie hlak. Chuleiin hieng lekhabu pahnihai hin Saphai literecharah khawm vawisun ni chen hin hmun pawimaw tak an la hluo zing hrim a nih.

III

Literechar zie thenkhathai

Khi a chunga literechar hrilfiena thenkhata inthawk khin literechar zie pawimaw tak tak iemani zat an lang a. A pakhatna chu literechar chun hlutna da thei lo a neih. Kum sang tam taka zieka lo um ta khawm ni sien, vawisun hun chena ngainuom um la tling thei le hring zing chu a nih. A zie pahnina chu mihriem ngaituo suok le siem suok thil mawi (man-made beauty) laia pakhat a nih. Chu chu mawina chuoi thel lo le famkim chu a nih. A pathumna chu literechar chu mihriem nun le zierang, thuruk puong suokna a nih. A palina chu literechar chun thu le hla, ei hril suok le ei hril suok lo, an lang baka um ngairuotna khawvel, a lien zawng hril thei ruol lo khawvela mi’n lengtirtu a nih a. Chu khawvel siem thara zie rang le mawina chi tin renghai chu literechar chun mi’n hmutirin, mihirem nun hi a siem thar a, beiseina thar a mi pek a, nun sukhlimtu khawm a nih. Chuleiin, literechar tha chun ramri tiem chin a nei nawh a.

IV

Literechar hnam hausakna

Literechar hi indona fila laipui le silaia kap dawk a ni ngai nawh. Amiruokchu Winston Churchill-in Indopui Pahnina chanchin a ziek chu historical literechar thaa hril a ni nawk tlat. Mingo ziektu hmingthang Edmund Burke-in America-haiin British-hai laka zalenna an suolna chanchin le Reflection on the French Revolution (French Rovolution laka British-hai inveng dan ding) a ziek hai hi political literechar pawimaw pawla hriet an ni nawk tlat. Thuvarin “Kawlawm hi kawlhnam nekin thil a thaw thei lem” a lo ti angin literechar hi dawnril mi lungril inthuk taka inthawka hung put dawk kawlawma ziek suok chu a nih. Kawlhnam le silaia ram lak nekin literechar hmanga ram lak hi a tlo lem. Mingo lal ram ni tla seng lo khawm lo kawi dar ta sienkhawm, an literecharin an mi manna hi chu inchat theih tah ngai lo ding a nih.

Mihriem nun hlim um taka a um laiin thu tha hla tha a pek suok a. William Wordsworth khawmin thli nemin tuizampar (daffodil) a mut hning sieu sieu a heih hmua inthawkin hla mawi le chang ropui tak:

They stretch’d in never ending line

Along the margin of a bay;

Ten thousand saw I at a glance

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance

ti a lo insam suok pha hiel a. John Banyan nawk thung chun zel bang zuta rinumna tawpkhawk a tuornaa inthawkin thuro hlui thei ta loKristien Vanram Lampui Hraw a lo ziek ve thung a nih. Vawisuna thu le hla mawi, ro tling ei lo nei ve hai khawm hi nun hlim tawpkhawk le rinum tawpkhawka inthawka to suok vawng an lo nih. Eini lai khawm ni tin a thara ei lungzing ni le ei lawm nia mi’n awitu mihrang lo fe hmasahai phuok ei thuro le hlarohai hi hnawchepna le rinumna hril seng lo tuora an phu suok an lo nih. Chuleichun, Joseph Stalin lem chun “literature is the engineer of human soul” (literechar chu mihriem thlarau inzinier ) a lo ti hiel reng a nih.

Mihriem hi bei chauhin ei hring nawh a. Ama Prof (L) Siamkim bawkin mihriem hi thu le hla tha hlimpui hlak le, thu le hla thaa inchawm ngai ei nih a lo tih a. Literechar tha chun nun a sukhausa a, varna a mi pek belsa bawk hlak. Khaw lai ram le hnam khawm literechara hausa chu hnam hausa an ni hlak. Literchar sukhausatu chu hnam le ram khawmin a ngaisang hlak. Saphai chun “India ram boin ei um thei a. Shakespeare bo chun ei um thei nawh” an ti hlawl el.

A khaw hnungin chanchin tha eng ei hung hmuh ve a. Manipur sim thlanga chu chanchin tha mansapui inbangna ei lo inti hiel. Uong thu loa, mihrang lo fe hmasaha’n thuro le hlaro tam tak an mi maksanpek leiin; ei sir vela unauhai pur phurna ei lo ni hiel pha a nih.

V

Literechar chu fel fai le uluk taka ziek a tul

Sap tawng mawizie hi Holy Bible King James version-ah hin ei hmuh. Thou, thee, hath, giveth ti hai dam a hang um thlup hin Sap tawng lo buripzie le thupuizie ei hmuh a. Tawngtainaah khawm ‘We praise Thee, Thou art my Rock’ tia hang insam ngat hi chu a thupui bik a nih. King James version a fel hlelna deuh lo um sienkhawm Saphai literechar innghatna bulpui pakhat chu a lo nih hrim hrim a nih. Ei literechar innghatna bulpui tak khawm ei Bible hi a nih. Buhmasa ei suo chara, tiem le ziek inchukna khawm ei Bible-a Chanchin Tha Johan ziek ei lo hmang tak hlak. Ka hriet suol naw chun India hmar saka lem chu Bible version hauh tak ei ni tah awm.

Tuhin Bible version pali ei neih tah a: Bible Society Version hlui (BSVH); Bible For the World Version (BFWV); Delhi Version (DV) le Bible Society Version thar (BSVT). Lalrosem IAS (Retd)-in Bible an let mek thu a mi hril a, a puitling theih chun version pangnga ei nei ta ding tina a nih. Saphai lem chun version 150 neka tam hiel an neih a nih awm. Amiruokchu, tuta Bible version ei neih ziek dan staiel hi an ang naw rup. Entirna dingin St.John 3:16 hi zuk hmang inla.

1. BSVH: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai bek bek a, chuongchun a Naupa khat nei sun chu a pek a; ama chu tukhawm a ring taphawt chu an bohmang nawh a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. A tha tawk vieu. ‘hmangai’ hi thluk neih a ni naw leiin, a cheltangtu ding ‘h’bela ziek ni sien.,etn- ‘hmangaih’. ‘a’ pathum ei sukdumhai khi Pathien aiawtu an ni leiin hawrawpui ‘A’ hmang ni sien. ‘sun’ hi thuzawmnaa hmang a ni leiin, a hmaa thumal neih leh hin ziekmat ni sien, etn- neihsun. ‘ama’ ti khawm hi Naupa hawrawpuia ziek ang bawk hin ‘Ama’tia ziek ni bawk sien. ‘tukhawm’ ti hi a hrana ‘tu khawm’ tia ziek ni sien. DV chun a hran vawngin a ziek. Etn- Inkhawm tan a hun tah veih leh, mi khawm (tu khawm) an la hung lem ie

BFWV: Pathien-in khawvel a hmangai emem a, chuleichun a Naupa neisun chu a pek a; ama chu tukhom a ring taphot chu an bohmang naw a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. ‘Pathien’ le ‘in’ kara hyphen um hi a tul nawh. Amiruokchu, proper name le foreign thumal le ziek kawp a ni pha (-) hyphen hi hmang ni chauh sien, etn: Japan-in hnena a chang, add. A chunga hawrawppui hmang tulna ei hril tah hai khi hril nawn ta nawng ei ta. BFWV-ah hin ‘bek bek’aiin ‘emem’ a hmanga, ‘emem’ hi chu a da deuh niin an lang a, “bek bek’ hi hmang zing ni sien.’Aw’ ri tawia ‘O’ BFWV le DV-in an hmang a, ziek dan tlangpui an hraw nawh. ‘neisun’ a ziek kawpa, a tha. Sienkhawm ‘nei’ ti hi a chunga ei hril ta angin a cheltangtu ‘h’ belin ‘neihsun’ ni sien.

DV: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai em leiin, a Naupa khat nei sun chu a pek a; ama ring taphot chu bohmang loa chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. An let tawi fel a, a fie bawk a. Amiruokchu ‘a’pathumhai khi Pathien hrilna an ni leiin hawrawppui ‘A’ hmang ni vawng sien, a hmaa ei hril ta hang bawkin ‘hmangai’ ‘nei’ hai khi ‘h’ bela ziek ni sien, ‘ama’ ti khi hawrawppui ‘Ama’ tia ziek ni bawk sien.

BSVT: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai bek bek a, chuongchun a Naupa khat neisun chu a pek a; tukhawm ama ring taphawt chu an bohmang nawh a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. ‘a’ pathumhai khi Pathien hrilna an nih leiin hawrawppui ‘A’ hmang ni sien, ‘hmangaih’tia ziek ni sien, amiruokchu ‘nei’ah khin ‘h’ bel ni sien, ‘tukhawm’ ti khi a hrana ‘tu khawm’ tia ziek ni sien.

A chunga rawtna ei siem ang khin hieng ang hin ziek ta inla: Pathienin khawvel A hmangaih bek bek a, chuongchun A Naupa khatneihsun chu A pek a; tu khawm Ama ring taphawt chu bohmang loa chatuona hringna an neih lemna dingin.

Duhlien tawng ziek diknaah ‘h’a pawimaw ang bawkin, Hmar tawng fel fai le uluk taka ziek dik ding hin ‘h’ a pawimaw ve em em a nih. Etn- Lekhabu pakhat chauh ka neih, (chauh=only). Chau-ah ‘h’ bel naw chun a kawk a dang nawk daih, etn- Ruola, ka chau ta ngei ie! (chau=weak). Mi thenkhatin ‘chauh’ hmangna dinga ‘cho’ dam an hmang a. Anleh, khuongbai kuo ka cho tia ‘cho’ leh iengtin am ei thlier hrang ta ding?

‘h’ hmang le hmang loa kawk dang neih tam tak thumal an um.

Eta - deu - Mi deu ngai naw rawh. (Mi hmusit naw rawh).

deuh-Ni tin Isu ka lungrilin ka hmangaih deuh deuh a.

dai - Antam chu daia inhuon ding a nih.

daih- Ka pawisa chawiin a daih tah nawh.

hei - Hei! Thaw ta naw rawh.

heih-Heih hah! Heih en tu’m Sandamtu sawh!

Khieng thumalhai ang bawk ‘h’ hmang tulna hai, etn- bauh(bark); deih (cold), khauh (hard/strong); rauh (Hienga I thaw rauh rauh chun…), kauh kauh, lauh lauh, meuh, neuh neuh, sauh sauh, le adang dang (add) tam tak an um. Ei hril nuom tak chu vowel pahni inkawp ri tawia hmangna dinga ‘h’ hi a cheltangtu ding hmang pei inla, ei tawng hi ziek dik le tiem dik awlh nawk zuol a tih.

A chunga rawtnahai khi lo ngaituo ve reng reng ta; hi hnung peia ei lekhaziekhai a fel fai zuol theihna ding le a hma neka literechar tha lem ei neih theihna dingin. Hi hi ‘h’ perspective-a inthawka thlirna chauh a la nih.

Lekhabu rawnhai:

2. Hmar Bible,BSVH, Gospel Centenary edition, 2009.

3. Hmar-English Parallel New Testament,BFWV, 2008.

4. Baibul (Hmar),DV, 2007.

5. Pathien Lekhabu Inthieng-CL, BSVT.

6. Siamkima; Zalenna Ram,Aizawl,1992.

7. Thuro (Hmar Literary Journal), July, 1983.

8. L.Keivom; Hmar Hla Suina, Churachandpur, 1980.

9. Lal Dena; In Search of Identity: Hmars of North East

10. India, Akansha Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007.

*Prof Lal Dena is a historian currently working at Manipur University.

Kum 2 liemta a inthawka HLS, Mizoramin hma a lo lak tah, Sinlung Hills Development Council, Mizoram bultumnain hungtlung ding 15 Nov 2013 hin Hmar Literature Society pathum, Manipur, Assam le Mizoram consultative Meeting I&PR Conference Hall, Aizawl ah nei dinga programme sukthluk a lo ni ta a; hi hun a hin HLS Manipur a inthawkin mi 4 le HLS Assam a inthawkin mi 8 a inthawka mi 10 hung thang thei dinga beisei a nih. Ei Hnam ta dinga thil tha a hung inher suok ngei ei beisei.

Manipur, Assam le Mizoram Hmar Literature Society

INRAWNKHAWMNA

A Hun : Thlaphal ni 15, 2013 Zirtawpni Zing dar 10

A Hmun : I&PR Conference Hall, Treasury Square, Aizawl

Sponsored by : Sinlung Hills Development Council, Mizoram

Recording Secys:

1. Pu DV Infimate, Asst Secy, HLS, Mizoram

2. Pu Samuel Z Hrangate, Fin Secy, HLS, Mizoram

HUN 1-NA

Ṭhuoitu : Pu Lalmalsawm Darngawn, Vice Chairman, HLS, Mizoram

Hunser : Rev Hrilrokhum Ṭhiek

Palai lawmna le inhmelhriet tirna : Pu J.Lalvarlien Puruolte, Secretary, HLS Mizoram

Hun hawngna le thuhril tawi : Pu Hmingchunghnung, Chairman, SHDC, Mizoram

Thuhril tawi 1-na : Pu L.Ruoivel Pangamte, Secretary, HLS Manipur

Thupui: Grammatical Structure of Hmar Language

Thuhril tawi 2-na : Dr VL Tluonga Bapui, Chairman HLS, Assam

Thupui : Hmar ṭawng hmasawn dan ding

Thuhril tawi 3-na : Prof Lal Dena, Executive Member, HLS, Manipur

Thupui : Growth of Hmar Literature

Thingpui Ruoi (dar 12-1 inkar)

HUN 2-NA ( 1 PM)

Ṭhuoitu :Pu Lalthankunga Hmar, Chairman, HLS Mizoram

Thu ngaituo ding hai:

1. Hmar ṭawng ziek dan inang chungchanga Joint Declaration siem

2. State pathum a Hmar Literature Society hai Co-ordination Committee siem

3. Publication Board siem a Mizorama sut ngei dinga lekhabu ziek le siem

4. National Curriculum Framework in the context of Hmar Syllabus

Lawmthu Hrilna : Upa H.Thanghlira, Treasurer, HLS, Mizoram

Hunkhar ṭawngṭai : Rev Lalhmingthang, D/S ICI, Aizawl

                                      RUOI RUOI

Sd/-

JC Tlangthansiama

Information Secretary

Hmar Literature Society, Mizoram

Ziektu: Kh Thang Dailo

Hi a chunga zawna hi Hmar mitin inhnikna le zawna pawimaw tak a nih a. Tulai lem hin chu ei thu buoipui (burning issue) a niin ka hriet a.  Hmar trong hi ka thiem naw zie le a ziek tieng a lem chu literature tling khop ka ziek thei naw zie ka hriet a. Amiruokchu hi thupui hi ka lo inhnikna a ni leiin le Hmar Literature Society (HLS) hi  rongbawlna anga ngaia hun tam tak ka lo hmang ve na a ni  leiin ka ngai dan le thra dinga ka ngaihai ka hung ziek lang ve a nih.

Literature hi iem a na?

English dictionary  tieng ei en chun, “Pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poem(in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines)” ti le “Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value” ti dama hrilfie a nih a.

Chun literature umzie chieng taka hrilfie hi thil harsa tak chu a nih. Khawvel hung inher dang lam – social le moral value hai, economic le political condition hai a hung danglam angin literature ngaihlut chi le literature umzie hrilfiena khom a hung danglam hlak. Chuleichun a ziektu (author) chunga nêkin a tiemtuhai chungah an nghat nasa lem amani ti dingin a um. Emily Bronte ziek “Wuthrering Heights” (1847) chu a hun laiin mihaiin ieng a khom an ngai noh a. Chuong ang bok chun Herman Melville lekhabu ziek Moby-Dick (1851) khom kha khawvel ngaisang le literature ropui le hrilfâk a vaihnung tulai khawvel a hin an hung ni ve chau a. Literature thra le thralo hriet ringot khom chu harsa tak a ni ti chu hi thila inthok hin hriet thei a nih.

Literature chu a tiemtu mipui an poimaw ei ti zing laiin a ziektu (author) poimawna le an thuziek hai hi “Imaginative or creative writing, of recognized artistic value” a ni zie chu ei ngâitha ruol a ni noh. V.S.Naipaul (Nobel Prize in Literature, Man Booker Prize, Jerusalem Prize dawngtu) hi a thil ziekhai mihaiin an ngaihlut êm leiin a private lekhathon hai chenin literature anga ngai pawl mihriem an um. Ziektuhai ngaisang le chawimawi khom tiemtuhai thaw ding chu a lo ni zing el. Ei lekha ziek thiemhai ngaisang le infui thrat hi a poimaw khop el. Literary criticism ni si lova mi lu tan zawnga in sawisel hi literature thila chun thaw lo chi a nih.

            English dictionary-a a umzie ei hmu ang hi ei pawm ding a ni chun Literature ti hi a lo inthûkin lekha ziek le lekhabu naran hai hi chu Literature an tling zo naw hle tina ning a ta. Chun, tulaia ei buoipui spelling (aw,o,tr hmang thu) lem hin chu Literature umzie tak a tawk phâk naw hle tina ning a tih. English literature le trong ei ngaisang vieu hi ei en chun spelling hi an suk danglam nasa êm êm a. Ka ruolpa, famtah Dr. Lalnghorlien in Kolkata University a M.A. English an chûk laia a min en tir Old English lem chu a tiem khom harsa ka ti hiel a, a spelling hai a dang lam taluot leiin. Chun trong hrim hrim hi inthrang zing, thrangtawp neilo ani leiin ei trong le a spelling chen hi inthrang zing ding a nih a. Tulaia mobile phone-a ei SMS trongbau le spelling hai khom hi ei literature a hin a la hung inzellût hun la um mei a tih. Chun, tulai spelling danglam ei hung hmang hin ei ‘hawrawp (script)’ a suk danglam noh a.  Meitei hai anga ‘Meitei maziek’  hawrop danglam tak ei hung thaw a ni nawh a. Ei trong thumal rîk dân (sound) a awthrat lem le ziek inhoina dinga ngaituotu hai hung suksuok a nih a. Hi thil hin ei literature a tawk buoi phâkin ka hriet noh a; Hnam buoina intlun hiel dinga lâk chi a ni noh.

            Chu lei chun kei khoma tulai spelling thaw dan thar an hung thaw hi a remchanga ka hriet leiin ka lo hmang ve el a. Hi hmangtu le suklartuhai “Hnam hmelma” ang hiela hril hi chu ngaidan puitlinglo niin ka hriet a. Hi spelling thaw dan hi thra ka lo ti ve leia hnam hmelma hiel ni thei a inhrietna ka nei naw bok.

              Amiruokchu tulai thila Hmar trong MIL anga University le Board hnuoia exam-na thua fedan pheikhai ruol taka spelling thua khom  la fe dinga HLS hotuhai ngirhmun hi a la trul nia ka hriet leiin ka pom a. Hun hung inher peiin spelling tharhai hi ei pom thei hun khawm a la hung um thei a. Chu huna chun Hmar MIL answer paper entuhai khawma American English le British English anga inruol taka mark an pek hun khom a la hung tlung ka ring. Chuleichun ei thupui tak Hmar Literature Society sukhmasawn ding chun a hotu le thuoituhai khoma literature umzie inthûk le zau anga an mi thruoi hi a poimaw hle niin an lang. Hmathlir hla tak le lien tak neia inthrang lien pei dingin ei dit êm êm a ni.

Manipur sorkarin Class V chena ding Hmar tronga inchûktir phalna le Text book ziek dinga a hung ti khan kei khom a buoipuitu lai ka thrang ve leiin “Literature” thumal hi Hmar trongin iem ting ei ta? tia hriltlangna kan nei hlak a. Lekha ziek le lekhabu naranhai hlak hi literature tling zo naw niin ei hriet si a. “Thuziek le lekhabu ei hringnun tawk, sukchâng le ro anga ei ngai hiel hai hi an ni leiin Nunrobu ting ei tiu”  tia rotna ka siem chu ruolhai khoma thra an lo ti vieu el a. Hmar trong bîk text book hai chu NUNROBU ti hminga  sut an hung ni ta nghe nghe a.

History of Hmar Literature Society: Hmar Literature Society hi ieng tik kum chara a hming hi ei nei tran am ka hriet nawh a. Amiruokchu a trantu, a phurtu hmasa tak le tulai ngirhmun ei tlung theina chu Kohran/Mission a nih a. Kohran/Mission zarin thu le hla hai ei hung nei a. Tusep, lêngzêm le hnam hlahai lem hi chu a vaihnung deuva ei hung nei chau an nih a. Ei lekhabu nei hmasa hai chu Pathien thu le hlahai an ni deu vong. Chun, ei Mission school hai chun lekha inchûkna tieng hma hung lain Hmar trong text book hai a hung siem pei a. Ei Literature foundation chu  kohran/mission hi a nih. Hihi hre thiemin Hmar Student’s Association chun Dr. Thanglung khom “Father of Hmar Literature” ti title ei pek hiel a ni kha. Hi thil hi thilthra ei thaw ding ei thaw niin ka hriet.

   Hmar Literature thua kohran/mission thruoituhai poimaw zie hi hei hril sei met ka nuom. Kohran hmasa hai chun Lusei trawng hi thuhrilnaa hmangin Lusei hla ruok an sak hlaka. Hlaphuoktuhai khawma Lusei trawngin an phuok bawk a. 1922 kumin Pu H.K.Dohnuna kohran/mission Field Superintendent a hung ni a. A ma hin  kohranhai chu mani trawng ngei a thuhril ding le hla khawm sak dingin an fui hlak a. Pu H.K.Dohnuna in a ti leiin Pu Rev.Thangngur le hlaphuoktu danghai khawma Hmar trawnga hla phuok an thaw tran chau nia hril a nih. Chun, Pu H.K.Dohnuna Field Superintendent nina hnuoiah Lusei trawng a inchuktirna le lekhabu (text book) bân a, Hmar trawng a inchuktirna le text book hai hmang a hung ni bawk. Kum 1927 in Pu H.K.Dohnuna chun Assam sawrkar Director of Public Instruction a inthokin Lakhipur Mission School a Middle English School Exam phalna a hmu a. Pu H.K.Dohnuna hin Hmar Primer hmasa tak, BUBUL ti chu a siem a. Hi BUBUL copy hi hmu zo a ni ta nawh a. A lo hmu le kawl dam ei um chun Hmar Literature Society hotuhai inhriettir dinga thra a nih. Hieng anga Hmar trawng le education thua hmalatu hmasa a ni lei hin Kei lem chun “Pu.H.K.Dohnuna hi Hmar Literature Pâ tia hriet zing tlâk ni vein ka hriet” tiin ka lo ziekin ka lo hril hlak. Ei Kohran le thuoitu haiin Hmar Literature Society hi an hung phur peia. Ka hriet dan hi an dik chun Kum 1961 – 1969 sung khan Rev.Lalthankhum Sinate, Vice President PMS chun HLS Secretary a chel a. Hi hun sung bok hin Pu H.L.Daka chu Chairman niin, hun iemani hnunga khan Rev. Darsanglien Ruolngul, Executive Secretary, ICI chun Chairman sin chu a hung chel a. Hieng hun lai hin Manipur ah Secondary Board of Education a la um noh a. Assam sorkar le Education Board hnuoia thil hni le thaw a trul a. Matric/HSLC exam-na  a Hmar Vernacular paper ei nei theina ding le Hmar medium text book hai sorkar pomna dingin nasa takin thrang an lo lâk hlak. Kohran/Mission sum sengin hma an lo pu hlak. Kum 1964 a Rev. Lalthankhum Sinate, Rev. Hrangtawnlien le Rev. Ruolneikhum Pakhuongte haiin ei Hmar school text book neihai chawia Assam sorkar le Assam Board of Secondary Education an inhmupui thu le hnina an siem thu khom chieng takin ka lo hriet ve. Ei Mission/Kohram thuoitu haiin HLS ta ding le Education ta dinga an thawhai hi article a hin hril seng an noh. Chun literature chu hrillo, ei hnam le trong India constitution hrietpuia ei um thei hi Mission/Kohran hotu thaw a ni chu mitin hriet a nih.

Chuleichun, kohran/mission thuoituhai hi inza le chawimawi hi tulai thuoitu hai hin ei mawphurna niin an lang.

Hienga Kohran hotuhai, an sin rik tak puma Hmar Literature Society an phur hi sawk zangkhai nuomna le sin hrat nawkzuola a fe nuomna a hung um a. Kum 1969 khan General Body Meeting kovin HLS Active Body indin a nih a. Chutaka inthok chun Hmar Literature Society hi Active Body hin a hung phur tah a. General Body a hotuhai kha suk tawp le midang thlang an ni ti thu ruok chu ka la hriet noh.  Acitve Body hmasatak Chairnam Pu Lalzarlien Darngawn, Secretary Pu Dr. Lalnghawrlien, Finance Secretary/Treasurer Pu Lalremthang Tusing le kei (Kh.Thang Dailo) khom a member pakhat lai ka thrang ve nghe nghe a. Kan term hun sung hin hmasawnna nasa tak a hung um vein ka hriet. Manipur sorkar ah nasa taka  Hmar trong Primary – High School chena recognize dinga nawrna chu sin pui tak pakhat ani a. Manipur sorkarin major tribes 5 a ti (Hmar, Mizo, Paite, Naga le Kuki) hai Junior Basic (Class V) chen a dingin a hung pawm (recognize) phot a. Sorkar le Education Board ah thil thaw ding le nor ding  tam tak inthuruola thaw a hung trul leiin All Manipur Tribal Literature Society Association ti chu hi hnam panga hai hin siem a nih a. Kei khom chu Association General Secretary sin chu  1981 -  1986 chen ka chel nghe nghe a. Chun sorkar le Board approved Hmar Text Book hai chu sutna dingin sum tam tak a hung trul a. Hieng ang thawna ding hin Partnership Mission Society in HLS  ngênna lo pawmin Text bookhai chu sut thei a hung ni a. Chun, hi hnunga hin L & R Press khoma nasa takin thrang lo lain lekhabu iemani zat zet a hung sut ve ta nghe nghe a. An chung ah lawm a um êm êm el.

A chunga ka hril hnunga hin Hmar Literature Society hi hung inthranglien peiin Mizoram le Assam rama hai Branch/Regional Hmar Literature Society a hung pieng ta pei a. Tuhin chu Manipur le Assam rama hai Graduate level chena MIL anga Hmar trong lak theina ei hung nei thei tah a. State tina hotuhai thrahnemngai le sawl taka an thawna leiin hi ngirhmun hi ei hung kai thei tah a. Lawm a um tak zet a nih. Hienga thawtu  hai hi an mimal hming tuhin ei la hril lang nawh a chu thrangthar haiin  chawimawina an la hung inkhumtir ngei ding a nih.

Thukharna: Literature chu mihriem nunrobu a ni angin hnam ta dinga pawimaw le hmang trangkai thiem ei trul tak zet a. Lekha ziek (nunrobu) hung thawlawmtu (writers) hai hi an poimaw êm êm a. An thil ziek haiin mipui a thra zawng le se zawngin nasa takin a thruoi thei a. Karl Marx lekhabu Das Capital,  Communist Bible  tia an ko hiel  chun khawvel mihriem chanve deuthaw a thruoi  thei ti ei hriet.

Ziektu hai hi an fimkhur khom a trulin zaidaw thei ni khom an trul. An idea le thluok varna thu hai, la hre thiemlo hai barlui (impose) tumna a um chun indik naw ni.

Tiemtu mipui khoma lekhaziektuhai lekhaziek style le spelling hmanghai ei ril rem zawng ni naw sienla khom literature an tling phot chun hnawl el hi thil indiklo ning a tih. Emily Bronte ziek “Wuthrering Heights” (1847) chu kum zabi liem hnungah a thrat zie khawvelin a hriet chau ang kha ni pal inlau a um khop el.

Chun, Hmar Literature Society thruoituhai khom a ei thil enkol le ei rongbawlna hi thil inthûk le lien tak a ni angin lungril lien le huopzau taka hma ei thruoi a trûl. Chun a chunga HLS history tlawm a zawng ei suklang ang khin HLS hi dam te te a, thruoitu hran hran thruoina hnuoia hung inthranglien pei a nih a. Tu lem hin chu State dang dang le University le Board dang dangin ei trong hi an lo pawm tah a. Regional a thruoituhai inpâk an um êm êm el. Hmatieng ei fe pei dan ding  ngaituo a hun ta hle. Education thil a ni leiin centralized taka fe am federal taka mani umna thil umzie ang peia ei fe ding tihai hi ngaituo dinga thil poimaw  tak a nih. Hmar Inpui dama  a mi kokhawm theia fedan thra a mi relpui thei chun thil thra ning a tih.

October  15, 2013

Pune

Ziektu: L. Tlanthang Infimate, Parbung

Hmar hnam le Duhlien ṭawng ṭobul hi hei tarlang met ka tih. Ei pi-le-puhai chanchin hi a zieka kimlo thu le hla a anlo sak, ngaituona le suizuia hriet pei ani bawk. Hmar ṭawng laia mawi em em Duhlien ṭawng, Mizo ṭawng ei ti hi Mizoram-a chun ṭawng tlanglawn tak-ah anlo hmang ta bawk a nih.

Duhlien ṭawng ṭobul thurawn ka lakna le kalo hriet ve dânin, kum 1986 lai khan ka Pu H.K. Bawisuok piengna khuo hmu ngei dinga Mizoram ka van zinna-ah Serchhip khuo ânthawka Khawbung khuo pan dingin Jeep-in kan hei fe a, zân dar 1:00am vêlin Vanlaiphai kan tlunga, Khawbung khuo kan ban zo ta naw leiin Vânlaiphai-ah dâr 1:00am a kan tlung chun Mizo ṭawng an ti hi ka hmang ve ngai naw leiin Hmar ṭawngin ka ruol hai ka hang biek ri chu putar kum 80 bawr vêl chun alo hriet a, a kawt a hung hawng nghala "Tum ana Hmar ṭawng hmang chuh?" tia a hung indawn chun “Kei ka nih” ka ti le inruolin mi chibaiin ami kuo anruol nghâla. Putarpa chu a hming khawm indawn chuong loin an hnam hming kan dawn chawta. "Buongpui, Darngawn ka nih" tiin ami dawn a. Eh! Ka pa puhai, ka puhai inni chu ka tia, inphalam der loin Âr mi that dingin ka ngen nghâla. Zingkar chun Ârsa kan fâk tlâng a, Miizoram-a Hmar hai chanchin, Hmar Mizoram-a an lut dân chanchin le Mizo ṭawng hi Hmar ṭawng, Duhlien ṭawnga suok ani zie dâm ami hril a. Khawbung khuo chu Hmar hai sât ngei ani zie ami hril sa bawk.

Duhlien chanchin hang suilût inla. Hmar Lal Duhlien hi Tuosing a tusuon Khawlaisun naupa a ni a. Ama hi mi pieng danglam tak a nih. Duhlien a pa hin Ramsiel le Sazuksa naw chu a hme nuom ngai naw leiin a naupa hming chu Duhlien tiin a phuok pêk niin an hril. Duhlien hi mi hrât tak, Saihli thal kâp thiem em em a, a hming ânthang pha bawk a nih.

Zâmpui khuo-a an Lal laiin Dolukim a thla haiin Lal hran an nei naw leiin an Lalpa naunu inneitirin Maipawl khuo a chun Lal-in an sie ta a. Hieng hun lai hin Lushai Hill a hin a hming ânthang bêk bêk a, Duhlien Lal hre naw khawm an um meu nawh. Sâp hai, 1080 AD hnunga Mizoram hung lut hai khawm Duhlien Lal hre naw an um nawh tia hril a nih. Duhlien in Lal na hnuoia hin Lushai le Hmar, Sukte, Gângte le hnam chi hrang hrang an um khawm leiin ṭawng hrang hrang anhmang a, Duhlien hin a khuo-le-tui hai ṭawng chu a hmang thei vawng bawk leiin Duhlien ṭawng chu ṭawng tlanglawna hmangin Duhlien ṭawng ṭobul Mizo ṭawng ei ti hi a hung suok ta a nih.

Mizoram a hin Hmar, ei pi-le-puhai hi Lushai hai nêkin ei lo lut hmasa bawk. Hmar hai chanchin ziekna ei en chun Sinlung an hung suoksan khan tuta Burma ram Shân a hin hnînghnâr takin an um ti chu an hriet thei. Shân khuo an suoksan hin Kachin phai chu Kasang Valley an hung lut nawk ta peia, Kachin phai an suoksan hin Arunachal an hung luta, Arunachal anthawkin Kawl phai Khampat hmuna an hung cheng nawk ta pei a nih. Khampat hmuna hin Luopui Lal-in an ṭhung nawk a, Simtieng Lersi, Hmartieng Zingthlo hai chu Lal-in an inṭhung bawk. Kawl phai anthawkin Shan phai an hung luta, Shan phai lut lo po hai chu tlang hung thla peiin tuta Mizoram-ah an hung lut ta a nih. Mizoram a hin Hmar pi-le-puhai chu hung chengin sulhnung le khuo sat tamtak an hung nei ta a nih. Chuong hai chu hril seng naw mei nih.

Tiengthlei khuo a hin Hmar hai sulhnung le Sirte tlanga sunhlu an phun thlar hai le an tuikhur hai leh Hmar pi-le-pu haiin Ro an phum rukna ngei hai hmu theiin a um bawk. Chun, Rothai tlang hai Mizoram-a Hmar pi-le-puhai lo chengna hmun hai Biete, Ngurte, Khawzawl, Khawbung, Chawnchhim, Zote, Thiek, Hrangchalkawn, Lunglei, Laisawral, Champhai, Sungte tlang le Lawihmun khuo ei hang hril bik deu hai a hin Hmar Lal sikhawnthei an um a. Chuong hai chu Chawnhmang, Pamanga, Talentpa, Phunteha hai an nih. Hieng Lal hai hin ram lien tak tak anlo awp a, Aizawl biel, Lunglei biel, Chittagong Hill Tracts le Sylhet biel le Tripura ṭiu phai chen anlo awpa hril a nih.

Hmar Lal rengpui hnuoia hin Lal Rengte an um nawk a, chuong hai chu Tanhrila, Tuchhianga, Vawnzamang, Zamthangpui, Hmunsaia, Damlukim, Duhlien le Sibuta hai an nih. Sibuta khawm hi tlawngral khawtlang po po hi a Lalram niin an hril. Sibuta hi Lusei Rivunga Lal a nih an ti a, Hmar Rawite hai chun an pu an thlatu niin an hril ve thung. Hmar Saivate ruok chun an pu Sibuta a hringtu niin an hril ve thung. Mizoram-a Hmar pi-le-puhai an lo chengna le an loin Lalna hai le Hmar Duhlien ṭawng lo piengsuokna kalo hriet dan a nih.

Hmar ṭawng nisi Hmar ṭawnga ei ngai ta naw?

Hmar hnam a mi nisi Hmar hnam a ei ngai thei ta naw?

Hmar hnam ami nisi Hmar hnam a inngai ta lo hai Hmar ṭawng hmang nisi Hmar ṭawng hmang an nih ti inhre theilo hai hi iengtin am thawng ei ta?

(Parbung, October 15, 2013)

By Pu L.Keivom*, Inpui.Com Columnist

O God, we give our land to Thee,

Our backward land now in darkness;

Let thy bright light shine over us,

And bless us, O Lord, we pray.[1]

-Lalkhum Keivom Rangoon, 1946)

            Thla hni lai liem tah khan South India-ah kar khat (Sept  21-27), chu zoah USA-ah kar hnih (Oct 18- Nov 4) inzin dingin prokram ka siem a, tiket khom ka sukfel vong tah a. Chennai ka pan tawmin Hmar Inpui President Dr. John Pulamte-in a mi hung telefawn a, Shillong tieng Hmar trong thua inpawl khawmna fienriel an buotsai mek thu le chu taka Resource Person pakhat-a an mi ruot thu a mi hung hril a. Kei chun, “To ta, a ni dinga in ruot October 22-24 hi New York-a um dinga prokram ka sukfel sa a na, ka va hung thrang thei hmel naw de! A hmain lo hre lawk met inla chu ni ding maw!” ka ta. Ama chun, “A va zie naw de! Nang a meizàng hlaptu tak dinga ei beisei i ni a, hung thrang hrâm dan lampui hung dap ta la” a ta.  A hnungin David Buhril leh voi hnih voi thum kan hril tlang hnungin, ka USA inzin ding chu son hlain, Seminar-a thrang ngei dingin thutlukna ka siem fel tah a nih.

Fienrielna hmasa tak

            Ka hriet ve phak china chuh, tuta trong thua finrielna buotsai mek hi a hnam pum huopa National-level seminar nei hmasakna tak ding a nih. Tu kum July 18-19, 2013 khan Aizawlah 2-DAY NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MIZO LANGUAGE: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES & PROSPECTS ti an huoihot a, Resource Person dinga an mi fiel leiin Delhi-a inthokin ka hang thrang ve a, chai ding thupui 20 an thlang suok a    , ka hlawkpui hle. Anni khoma State level-a Mizo trong thua national seminar an nei hmasa tak a nih. Chai ding thu poimaw 20 an thlang suoka inthok hin trong chungchanga hril tlang ding hang tamzie a sukchieng hlein kei chun ka hriet. Chuong sà khom chun 25% vel kan tawk hman naw niin ka hriet.  Ka topic dinga an ruot chu, Mizo language as a Mizo link language ti a ni a, a paper tak chu Saptrongin ka ziek a, ka tiem tak ruok chu Mizo trongin ka ziek thung a. A pahnia inkopin thu mal 6800-a sei a nia chu a tlangpui ringot ka lawr phak den den chauh a nih. Ka sabzek ringot khom hi ni hni sunga chai zo seng chi a ni nawh. Literechar, thu le hla tieng lem chu a ke hmawr khom kan hlim hman naw hrim hrim.

            Eini rawi, ei awm suok thu le hla thra hril ding mumal la nei lo, a inpui nghaktua inngai threnkhat hlak chu A AW B tiem dan le hmang dana la buoi phak chauh nia inlang, trong ziekna hawrop le literechar danglamna khom la hre hrang lo ni hiel awma la trong invai hlak hai dam lem chun ei hma tawn ding hang pikzie hi ei la hmu phak der naw khom a hoi khop el.  Hnam hmangaina nei phak der lo ang ziezanga la khawsa, hieng anga hmasawnna lampui hril le dap dinga finriel rotna dam hi lawmpui neka dodal a, a hma ang boka Inpui khom sukhmasawntu hmangruo neka khaptu kuta hmang nuom pawl ei la um a hoi a, a poi khop el.  Inpuiin hmathlir sukzau a, a theina kong iengkimah hma la a, lampui indika ram le hnam thruoi dinga kal hung pên a, hnam pum huopa trong chungchanga fienrielna a buotsai hi lawm a um takzet a, a hlawtling ngei khom ei ditpui a nih.

Trong rurel

            A bila tho lo ti ang elin, eini rawiin ei trong hung dan le a hung inthrang pei dan hi inbul deua ngaina ei nei leiin, sukhmasawn dinga thrang lak nekin a humhal zawnga thrang lak ei tum a, humhal ding tak  tak ei nei si naw a, ei buoi a nih.  Chuleiin, ei hril tlang ding hmasa tak chu ei trong rurel hung insiem dan, Structure of Hmar Language a nih. A rurel le zierang ei hriet chieng phá phà leh a hmang dan le ziek dan grammar chu Saptrong grammar thlek ni loin ei trong thlek danin fepui ei ta, hung infuk tran a tih.  Tuta china ei thaw tak chu Saptrong grammar durbina inthoka thlir a, an grammar anga ei grammar duong ei tum a, sienkhom diametrically opposite language a ni leiin ei buoi a nih.

            Ei buoina dang pakhat chu ziek zom le ziek zom naw thilah a nih. Ieng leia ei buoi? A san a um a, chu chu ei hriet fie hmasak phot a ngai.  Ei trong hi Chinse tronga inthoka hung peng dar pei lai trong pakhat niin ei hril.  Chu trong chun zierang poimaw pahnih a nei a. Pakhat chu thumal tin umzie le kawk nei, mono-syllabic language a nina hi a nih. Mal tin umze nei trong a ni leiin ziek kop lo vong chu ziek dan ding tlangpui hmasa tak chu a nih. Amiruokchu, thumal pahni pathum kei kopa thumal hlawm khat, umzie le kawk nei (polysyllabic) bik ei siem pha leh chuong thu malhai chu umze hrang seng nei ni hai sien khom ziek kop ding a nih. Entirnan, sa (animal), sakei (tiger),sakkeibaknei (lion. ‘Sa’ hi a root word a ni a, hi le kei kopa thu mal hlawm hung suok za tam tak a um: safie, sakhi, sazuk, savom, saha, saruol, sanghal, sazaw, saphivok, sasen, saza, sabengtung, sakor, saku, saphu, saphai, sanak le a dang dang.

            Zierang pahnina chu thumal ziek dan inang char, sienkhom ei lam rik dan le ei thu hmang kop zira umzie hrang daih nei, phonetic or tonal language a nina chu a nih.  Ri dang dang put, a thren chu lam hni la thuma inri hrang, a thren ruok chu lam ruk chena ri hrang nei a ni a, chuonghai chu risâng (thluksei), rilaihawl (thluksei), rilaihawl (thluktawi), rihnuoi (thluksei), rihnuoi (thluktawi) le rilawn dam a ni a, thlûk sinsiena (diacritic mark) sie a ngai. Tuta china sinsiena ei hmang chu ‘v’ letling ‘^’ chauh a ni a kawk a nei tlawm.

            Chun, ei tronga thil khikhawk deu pakhat chu thumal thumun char ni si, a kawk khom inang char, amiruokchu a hmaa thumal ei lamrik dan dungzuia lam dan danglama lam ngai a um a. Entirnan, Thanga lawmman dong ti le Hlîra lawman dong tia ‘lawmman’ hmasaa ‘lawm’ ti hi rilaihawl thlukseiin feng a ta, lawmman pahnina hi rising thlukseiin fe thung a tih. A san iem ning a ta? A hmaa thumal lam rik khan a hnung ri ding kha a thunun amanih hĕm (control, command) lei a nih. ‘Lawma lawmman dong ding chu a thra” ti-a hin ‘Lawma’ hi thluksei risanga ka lam chun, a zuitu ‘lawm’ khom hi chu ang ri chun a fe a; ‘Lawma’ hi thluksei rilaihawla ka lam chun a zuitu ‘lawm’ khom hi chu ri ang chun feng a tih.

Hmar: Old Kuki Group trong tuolleng

            ‘Hmar’ ti ei hriet le pom dan infuk lo leia Hmar trong trobul le hung inthrang dan ni dinga ei ngai hin  ei pawlitiks le ei trong ei fepui dan a  thruoi leiin, Lusei trong hmangtuhaiin ‘Mizo’ ti umzie an pom dan angin thil a fe a, ei unau danghai, Old Kuki ti hminga an lo kohai kha Hmar pahnam ang mei meia pm tlat tumna a um a, chu chun kâr nasa tak a siem.  Chuong ang bok chun ei trong hmang khom hi ni dingin ei ngai bik. Lusei trong chu link language a hung ni angin, Hmar hnathlakhai trong le Lusei trong inchekpola trong thar hung suok, ‘Khawsak trong’ an ti hlak, a hnunga ‘Hmar trong’ tia hung inthrang suok hi Old Kuki laia trong naupang khom ni sien link language angin a hung um ta a, chu chu ni khat thil thua um thut a ni naw a, san hrang hrang a nei. Chuleiin, Hmar as Old Kuki Link language ti hi thupui taka ei nei a ngai. Chu hrietthiemna chun pawlitiks le ei trong inthrang pei dan ding khom nasa takin thruoi a ta, Hmar hnathlak hmun hrang hranga chenghai lai MIL sabzek la hung pung deu deu bok an tih.

Hawrop siem phuisui sin

            Thla thum an um hman chauh tia misawnarihai hawrop mi siempek, fel hlel deu el ei hmang song rum hi ngaituona hmangtu ta ding chun pom zam el thei chi a ni nawh. Bultranna (elementary tool) dinga an mi duongpek kha a thra takpa sawna humhal tum tlat pawl ei um hi ei thrangmawbawk pakhat a nih. Siemphuisui pei a mamaw a, nuom le nuom naw thu khom a ni nawh. Hawrop inkop AW, CH le NG an lo siem hi bàn a, English/Roman alphabet pop o ei trong thluk mila her le lama hmang ding a nih. Chuleiin, ‘Hawrop siem phuisui’ ti hi thupuia hmanga beipui thlak a, chai tak tak a hun tah.  Hi thupui hnuoia hin AW le O le TR hmang dan chauh khom ni lo, J & Z hmang dan dik, hawrop thrieng (AW,CH, NG) nei a trul le trul naw etc po p Chun, thluk sinsiena (diacritic marks) khom hril sa lo thei lo hung nib ok a tih. Hi sabzek ringot khom hiker pumhlum khoma chai zo seng lo thil a nih.

Trong hmang indik  

            Ei hriet naw lei amanih fimkhur naw leia trongkam a kawk naw zawnga hmang dam, ziek inzom naw ding thu dam le thil dang, common errors suina hi thupuia hmanga ei ngirhmun phor alng hi thil trûl makmaw a nih. Chuong thil chu hril seng lo, indik thlup anga an mi hmangpui, entirnan, “Siloam dilah va sawp rawh” tia trong thiem naw  anga Isu an introngtir dam hi a tam.  Hmai ei phi a, ei sawp ngai nawh.  Ei trong thatzawl chu pulpit a nizie le ei Baibula trong indik lo ei hlu lut po po trongsie chu ei phur a nih ti dam chen hung kang kai a tih. Chu le inzoma trong hmang indik kohranin a ngai poimaw pei theina ding, Mizoram Synod a’n khat tawka an rongbawltuhai an khat tawka trening an pek anga eini khomin ei thaw a trul takzie chenin ei hril phak lem chun, a taka zuk hmang el thei thil tam tak ei hawn ka ring.

Regulatory Body ei mamaw am?

            Ram threnkhata chu trong sukhmasawnna dinga hma nasa taka la a, diksawnari puithu tak tak siemtu dingin Language Regulatory Body sorkarin a nei a, an sor trangkai hle a, ram threnkhata ruok chu sor trangkai nekin konkaw phanain an hmang bok. Trong hin ni tin hma a san a, a’n thlak tung pei a, trong hlui a ral a,a tharin a hung thlak a.Khawsak dan le nun inthlak thleng leia hmang zing ta lo trongkam tam tak chu humhal a, umze thar inputtirin trangkai takin an hmang zui pei a. Chuong ang thawnaa hmangraw poimawhai chu chanchinbu hai, ziek mi hai, thil thar siemtu hai le a  dang dang, an nih.  Chuonghai chu zalen taka an sin inthawtir neka daltu-ah Regulatory Body hi a thrang hlauh thei bok a. Chuleiin, eini khomin Regulatory Body ei mamaw am? ti hi nasa taka  chai a hun tah. Hi thupui hnuoia hin Manipura Hmar Literature Society (HLS) in Regulatory Body anga insie a tum hi ram le hnam ta dinga thil thra a ni le ni naw bakah State danga HLS le an inlaichin dan ding khom hril tlang thei ning a tih.

Translation

            Hieng ei hril tah hai naw khom hi trong sukhmasawnna le humhalna dinga hmangruo poimaw- role of media, church, educational institutions, public  and private organisations and offices, art & culture, reference books, particularly dictionaries etc hril ding a tam. Chu chun literechar huonga Translation poimawzie khom ei la hril phak nawh.  Chutaka chun ei lekhabu tiem rawn tak Baibul khom hung inlang phak a ta, chu thu ringot khom chu kar tam buon tling a nih. Khawvela tu hnam el khom hi thu le hlaa hausa saa pieng an um naw a, dam tea an ngaituona le khawsakna hung changkang pei ruola an trong le an thu le hla khom hung inthrang tung pei a nih.

            Tu hnam khomin mani intodelna tawk thu le hla an nei hma chun, an kawl le kienga hmasawn lem le changkang lemhai thu le hla hawa khawsa an nih. Thu le hla thra, anni ta dinga trangkai dinga an hriethai chu anni trongin an inlet a, chu chun an trong nasa takin a sukhausa pha hlak.  Entirna thra tak nia ka hiet chu Hebrai le Grik tronga inthoka trong hrang hranga Baibul an inlet hi a nih. Chu chu tu laia literechar khawvela hnam hausa taka ngai English hai khom bultrannaa an hmang a nih.  Mizorama khom matriculation-a Lushai Vernacular an hung nei tran khan Kristian Van ram Kawng Zawh (Pilgrim’s Progress) kha textbook-ah an hmang a, keini huna chen khom khan an la hmang a nih. College level-a MIL an hung nei khan Joba lekhabu khom textbook-ah an hmang bok. J.F Laldailova letling Shakespeare drama an hmang nasa bok.

            Kum 1973 khan College level-a hmang ding tiin Rabindranath Tagore-in npbel rprize a hmuna Gitanjali chu Hmar trong kan let a, kum 40 hnungah tu hin College level-ah MIL ei lo nei tah leiin a bua sut dingin buotsai mek a nih. Kum 1962-a Shakespeare drama Julius Caesar kan let ruok kha chu ka hmu zo hri nawh. Translation hi sin hautak a ni a, a ang charin a suok thei naw a a thra lem amanih a thra naw lem a ni ngei ngei. Thaw fuka ei inngai chang vanzawlah ei leng a, a fuk thei der naw chang chun Sheol-a li lut ang thaw a pik a, thuok a’n sam el a nih.

            Literechar bukna lung hmanga bel chieng dawl Hmar tronga translation works ka la hmu naw a, a um a ni khomin a tam ka ring nawh. Ei hmang tak chu BSI sut Baibul hi a ni a, hieng anga Hmar trong suosamna lekhabu ka la hmu ngai nawh. Tu kum 2013-a suok, BSI sut bok, Muolhoi Presbyterian-hai sum bituma thaw kha a trongkam thuom hlui kha inthla el naw sien khom a thu a hung fie ta a, lawm a um takzet a nih. Hmar trong hi a dam khawsuok ding chun Baibul inlet thrat lo thei lo nia kan hriet leiin Delhi Version (2007) hi kan buotsai a nih. Hieng thil dam hi mani trong le Pathien ram hmangaituhai chun a thra lem dan dapa inrawn khawma seminar le worksho nei chur chur awm ei ni veil eh, ei thaw naw chauh khom ni loin, chuong ang thaw rottu thrahnemngaina chu dam le kal pawl ei um hlak.

            Chu indaidanna bang tirdakum tak chu Shillong seminar-cum-retreat hin thriekin hung sukchim sien, hmai intuoa unau inbein, kar nei loin hma ei tawn pei dan ding hril tlangna dawkan hung ni sien nuom a um takzet. Ram le hnam hmasawnna dinga kalchawina hi a umzie hre nuom lo, rulin ‘ka mei sir sien, chuk hrep lang’ a ti anga lo inseu pawl le ha tat ngei pawl an um palh a ni khomin, hnam dam khawsuokna ding zongtu Inpui chun saipui lawna lawn a, lam sira lo inbauhtu uicho ieng zat um hai sien khom, thrahne sip, Kuokluong lal, fam tah, Lalkhum Keivom zai zawmin, HMA TIENG KE PEN EI TU….AW PATHIEN, KAN RAM KAN PEK CHE ti rop zingin. (October 5, 2013, Delhi)

*Keivom is a retired Indian foreign diplomat and well-known author among the Mizo tribes in India.