Thumal Lamnon

[By L.Keivom, Inpui Columnist]

Ei tronga hin thumal lamnonin umzie hrang hrang ei siem a. Hieng thumal ei lamnonhai hi a thren chu thu uorna dam, kawkhmuna (demonstrative) thu dam, thilthaw hrilfiena thu (double adverb) dam, plural siemna dam le thil dang dang kawka ei hmang hlak a nih. Hieng thumal inang lamnonhai ziek dan thuah hin Pu Rochunga Pudaite leh voi iemani zat kan titi tah a. Ziek kop thraa kan hriet ve ve leiin kum 1974-a Hmar Hla Suina ka ziek tran lai chun ka hmang a, Aw le O hmang dan ka thlier hrang bok a. Chun, ’tamtak’ ti hi comparative adjective a ni pha ziek kop loin tam, tam lem, tam tak tiin ka ziek a, adjective pangngaia ‘many’ aiawa hmang a ni pha leh ‘tamtak’ tiin ka ziek kop thung a. Adverb-a hmang a ni pha leh ‘tak’ le a hmaa thumal kha ziek kop ngei ding niin ka hriet leiin ropuitakin, lawmtakin, hlimtakin, thrahnemngaitakin tiin ka ziek hlak a. Dr. Rochunga Pudaite khomin chuong ang chun a la hmang zing niin ka hriet.

A hnung peia ei trong rurel le fe dan ka sui chiengin, kha hmaa ka lo ziek dan threnkhat kha Saptrong kalhmangin a mi lo thruoi nasat lei le Saptrong thlèka eini trong ziek ka lo tum hlak lei a nih ti ka hung hmu suok a. Ei trong hi phonetic el chauh khom ni loin monosyllabic a ni leiin a kalhmang khom Saptrong letling deu chie a nih. Trong ei inlet khomin, Saptronga an hril tawpnaah ei tran a, an hril trannaah ei tawp hlak a nih. Chuong chu a ni leiin, Saptrong thlêka ei trong fe dan her danglam tum chu ei trong vuina dinga thlan cho ang a nizie ka hung hmu suok pei a. Chu dinga ekzampul fie tak chu ei Baibul hmang laia a ngiel a ngana King James Version thlèka Hmar trong ei hêm danglam hi a nih. Ei hêm suol nasat po leh Baibul trong, Baibul hi suk-baibultua ngai pawl le thlarau inthuok khum trongkam sawn pawl ei hung um a. Hmar trong fe dan ding angin hang hêm ngîl inla, “A Baibul thu/trong naw êm” ti pawl ei tam tah. Hi thu hi Saptrongin Hmar trong fe dan a fen buoi nasat takzie tar langna dinga ei hril a nih.

Ei trong hi monosyllabic trong a na, chu chu thu mal tin ei lam hin umzie a pai vong tina a nih. Ei trong bul (root words) po po khom rihlawm khat vong a nih. Chu taka inthok chun trong mal hrang hrang, a thren rihlawm hni, a thren a neka tam ei hung siem suok a. Chuleiin, Zo hnathlak trong hrim hrim ei ziek phaa Golden Rule 1 chu, thu mal tin a hranga ziek a nih. Golden Rule 2 chu, thu mal kei kopa thu mal dang ei siem kha ziek kop loa umzie hrang a kawk ding a ni chun ziek kop chauh ding a nih. Entirnan, hmusit, endong, entleu tihai hi ziek kop loa ei thre hrang chun an umzie a danglam ding a ni leiin, chuong ang thu malhai chu ziek kop ngei ngei ding a nih. Thu mal threnkhat, entirnan hawrop, chawhnung, chawhma le a dang dang chu ziek kop loa umzie nei der lo an nih. Chun, mal tina umzie nei khom hminga ei siem chun ziek kop ngei ngei ding: Lalpiengfel (Noun+verb+adverbial adjective), Sakeibaknei (common noun + noun + verb). Hi thu mal ei hmang ‘Entirnan’ ti khom hi lak tawi a na, “Inentirna dingin’ tina a nih.

Chu Golden Rule No. 1 chu hmangin, kha hmaa thu lamnon, entirnan, po po, bèk bêk, èm êm le a dang dang ka lo ziek kop hlak kha tu hin chu ka ziek kop ta nawh. A san chu hieng thu mal hrang hrang ei lamnonhai hi nina hrang hrang nei an ni lei a nih. Chu an danglamna chu ei trong rurel le a fe dan ei sui chieng pha leh ei hmu chieng thei chauh a nih. Chuonghai chu a tawi thei ang takin a hnuoia hin ei tar lang ding a nih.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Hieng a hnuoia thu mal lamnonhai hi Singular le Plural form-a ei hmang pha leh Singular form-a chu chu, kha kha, khi khi, khu khu, hi hi, saw saw tia ei lamnon hai kha Plural form chun chuong chun, khâng kha, khieng khi, khuong khu, hieng hi, sawng saw ti an hung ni ta leiin, Singular form-ah lo ziek kop inla khom Plural form-a ei ziek pha ziek kop a remchang ta naw leiin ziek kop lo vong a thra.

Chun, hieng thu malhai bok hi tuortu (Object) le thilthawtu (subject) a ei hmang pha chun Object-a chu chu, hi hi, kha kha, khi khi, khu khu, saw saw, tihai hi Subject-a ei hmang pha leh chu chun, hi hin, kha khan, khi khin, khu khun, saw son ti a hung ni nawk dai a nih. Chuleiin, tuortu kha thilthawtu ngirhmuna an um pha thu mal pangngaia lamnon thei a ni tak naw leiin le a thu mal tin khan kawk hrang an nei leiin ziek kop lo ding a nih. A thu mal hmasa hi pronoun pangngai, a nuhnung hi demonstrative pronoun a ni vong. Ei ziek kop chun mizie hrang an nina a sukbo ding a nih. Hi thu hi chieng lema sui nuomtu chun ka artikul HI ti tiem dingin ka’n fui.

Adverb of degree (Intensifier)

Adverb chu thilthaw (verb) hrilfiena a nih. “Lala a fe hrat, Lali a fe muong” ei ti chun ‘hrat’ le ‘muong’ hi thilthaw um dan hrilfietu, adverb of manner an nih. Amiruokchu, “Lala a fe hrat êm êm, Lali a fe muong bêk bêk” ka ti chun a fe hrat le muong thu hrilna ‘êm êm’ le ‘bêk bêk’ hi adverb of degree a ni ta thung a nih. Sienkhom, thu mal pangngai lamnon loin, “Lala a fe hrat taluo” ka ti thei a, chu chu thu mal khat, uorna thu a ni leiin a hranga ‘ta luo’ tia ka ziek chun umzie pai naw nih.

Chun, ‘Thanga ka hmu naw hrim hrim/rêng rêng” ei ti chun hrim hrim le rêng rèngin an uor chu a hmaa ‘naw’ ti hi a nih. Hi taka hin, lamnon loin “Thanga ka hmu naw hrim/rèng a nih” lo ti lang chu a kawk a dang dai a nih. “Par mawi tak tak an hung chawi, In lien deu deu ka hmuh” ti nekin “An par hung chawi chu a mawi kher el, Ka in hmu chu lien deu a nih” ka ti thei bok a. A hmasa hi thu mal pangngai lamnona thu uor taka hrilna a na, a nuhnung ruok hi chu thu mal pakhat chauh hmanga thu uorna a nih. Hieng hai hi adjectival verb an ni vong a, sienkhom thu uorna dinga thu mal lamnon hi double adverb ti a na, tu laia hmang tlanglawn lem chu Intensifier ti a na, indik lem hman a tih. Hieng vàng váng, veng veng, rau rau, chen chen, tho tho, zeu zeu le a dang dang hai hi double adverb an ni a, thilthaw an zui a. Amiruokchu, thil thawna hmun le hun hril fiena (adverb of place/time) a ei hmang pha ruok chu double adverb kha thilthaw hmaah ei sie thung a nih. Entirnan, Khu chen chen chu ka fe pei nawh.

Lamnon: Plural siemna hmangruo

Dannaranin, plural siemna dinga thu mal ei hriet inlar tak chu ‘hai’ ti hi a nih. Amiruokchu, ei trong kalhmang ei hang bi chieng ruok chun plural siemna hmangruo ei lo hau êm êm a, chuong laia ei hmang tlanglawn chu thu mal pahni lamnon a nih. Thu mal hrang hrang hi noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, phrase leh clause chen khom siemna dingin ei lamnon rop hlak a. Hieng thu mal ei lamnon hin a hmaa thu mal um, ei lamnona thu inphum kha plural-in a siem hlak a nih. Thu mal lamnon hi double adverb-a ei hmang nek hmanin plural siemna dingin ei hmang rawn lem khom a hoi. Chuonghai chu ziek kop ding an ni nawh. A hnuoia hin chu chu hang thlir vak ei tih.

Noun lamnon:

Noun lamnona plural ei siem dan hang bi inla. “Khaw lai hmun am i fang a?” ka ti chun hmun pakhat bik kan donna a nih. “Khaw lai hmun hmun am i fang a?” ka ti ruok chun hmun pakhat neka tam a sir leiin chuonghai chu ka’n don a nih. Chuong anga noun lamnona plural ei siem dan entirna iemani zat hang pe inla:

Tu nau nau amanih ka don khawm.

Tu hming hming am a na i sam kawi hi?

Ieng trong trong am i thiem a?

Tu zakuo kuo am i sawp a?

Tu pâr pàr am a na i hung lo khawm hi?

Ieng puon puon am i haw khawm a na?

Tu lo lo am bu a thra a?

Tu khuo khuo am i sir ta a?

Hi taka hin lam rik hni nei ‘zakuo’ tia a zuitua hin ‘za’ banin ‘kuo’ chauh hmang a ni a, chu chu ei trong a lam inhoi zawnga thu ei kei kop dan a nih. Hieng ang bok hin Saptronga thu mal ei hmang pha khomin ei thaw hlak.

Tu telefawn fawn am an hung siem ta a?

Ieng pensil sil am i’n chawk a?

Ieng ofis fis am i sir ding?

Ieng elekson son am vote i thlak tah?

Ieng promawson son am a hmu tah?

Tu Minister ter am an hung?

Pronoun lamnon

Pronoun lamnon hi plural siemna dingin ei hmang bok. “Tu tu am inhlawfaa i ruoi ding?” ka ti chun mi pakhat neka tam a ruoi ding thu a kawk a. “Tu am inhlawfaa i ruoi ding?” ka ti ruok chun mi pakhat chauh a kawk. “Ieng ieng am a na i buoipui?” ka ti chun ‘ieng ieng’ ti hi plural a na, thil pakhat neka tam a ngaituo tina a nih. Hi taka ‘tu’ le ‘ieng’ ei lamnon hi Saptrong chun indefinite pronoun an tih.

Uorna Adjective le hmang kop

Uorna hi adverb le chauh ni loin adjective leh khom hmang thei a nih. “Zakuo thra deu ka nei” tia ‘deu’ hin adjective ‘thra’ hi a uor a. Zakuo thra deu deu ka nei” tia uorna ‘deu deu’ ei hmang non hin zakuo thratzie hril ta loin zakuo pakhat neka tam a nei thu a kawk dai thung a nih.

Tirna/infuinaa Verb lamnon

Thil thaw ding mi ei hril amani le ei infui chang hin verb ei lamnon rop hlak a, chu chun thilthaw kha voi khat neka tam thaw a nih ti an entir a, thilthaw chu plural-ah a siem a nih.

Fè fé naw rawh.

Thaw thaw ngai naw rawh.

Khêl hril hril naw rawh.

I hmûr liek liek naw rawh.

Ko ko la, hung el a tih.

Tiem tiem la, hung thiem el i tih.

Adverb lamnon

Hieng, “Van a’n rûm dur dur el, Ar an chiek lom lom, Thanga a voi dut dut” ei ti chun adverb ei lamnon hin verb thilthaw chu voi khat neka tam thaw a ni thu ei hril a nih. Lamnon loin voi khat chauh lam inla chu, thilthaw kha voi khat chauh thaw a ni thu a hril thung a nih. Hieng ei lamnonhai hi plural siemtu adjectival verb an nih.

Subject le Verb lamnon

Subject le verb lamnon hi trongkam chi khat, adverb ‘el’ ti belin, mi thilthaw rop ei nghok kha ei soisel hlak a. “Nang hi i in i in el a, Ka zakuo i lo hâk i lo hâk el a, Hi mipa hi a suok a suok el a, Mi poisa i bat i bat el a, Inkhawm i’n hnu i’n hnu el a” ei ti chun thilthaw kha voi khat neka tam thaw a ni thu ei hril bakah kha thilthaw kha ei dit naw thu hrilin ei soisel sa bok a nih.

Noun Clause-a Verb lamnon

Verb ni si, sienkhom noun sin thaw si, plural siemna dinga ei lamnon hlak tam tak a um a. “Kan hmú hmu kan inchik” ei ti chun, “Kan hmú hmu” ti hi noun clause a na, noun sin a thaw a, noun hmangna hlak transitive verb ‘inchik’ tuortu (object) a hmang a nih. Iem a na kan inchik chu? Kan hmú hmu. Hi taka hin “kan hmú hmu” ti hi noun anga hmang a na, ‘kan’ hi subject a na, ‘hmu hmu’ ti hi predicate (verb) a nih. Hieng, “ I dit dit la rawh, I nuom nuom thaw rawh, A um umin bu fa ro, A hung hung lo chibai ro” tia verb ei lamnon po po hi plural siemnaa ei hmang hlak a nih.

Adjective Clause-a Verb lamnon

“Zakuo thra kan ti ti kan inchawk” ei ti chun, Ieng zakuo am in inchawk? ti zawna donna chu ‘Thra kan ti ti” ti a ni a. “Thra kan ti ti” ti hin noun zakuo a hril fie leiin adjective sin a thaw a nih. Hi taka ‘kan’ hi subject a na, ‘thra ti ti” ti hi predicate (verb) a na, chuleiin adjective clause a na, ei lamnon hin plural a siem a nih. Hieng, “Pastor kan ring ring kan tir, Sa inhnik kan ti ti kan fak, Ka thuomhnaw thraa ka hriet hriet le nal ka ti ti ka chawi” tihai khom hi an ni vong.

Adverb Clause-a Verb lamnon

“A nuom nuomin ami soisak” ei ti chun “ami soisak” ti hi principal clause a na, ‘a nuom nuomin” ti hin principal clause-a verb ‘soisak’ ti kha a hril fie leiin adverb clause a na, ‘nuom nuom’ ti lamnon hin soisak dan chi hrang hrang a umzie a tar lang a, chuleiin adverb clause-a verb kha plural-ah a siem a nih. “A ngai ngaiin lo ngai raw se, A chang chang lo chang raw se, A ni ni lo ni raw se, A thaw thawin lo thaw raw se” tihai khom hi an ni vong. Hi taka hin plural siemna el chauh khom ni loin, a thilthaw chu a ieng ieng khom ni sien poi ei ti naw thu amani le ei pompui thu ei hril sa bok a nih.

Adverb Clause-a Subject le Verb lamnon

“I tiem i tiem chun thiem el i tih, A thaw a thaw chun hlawtling a tih, I dawn i dawn chun inrui i tih, I fâk i fâk chun thawhlàng i tih” tia thilthaw (verb) le thilthawtu (subject) ei lamnon hin verb chauh ni loin, verb le subject inkop kha plural-in ei siem a na, adverb clause a nih.

Principal Clause-a Subject le Verb lamnon

Subject le Verb lamnona plural siem hi principal clause-a khom ei thaw hlak. Entirnan, “A hriet naw naw a mi’n don a mi’n don el” ei ti chun ‘a mi’n don a mi’n don’ ti hi principal clause a nih. “A hriet naw naw” ti hin ieng am a’n don ti a hril bok. Verb-a ‘indon, don’ tuortu a ni leiin noun clause a nih.

Hieng ka hrilhai hi Mizo Tawng Chikna (2001) ti Pi Ralluaia Chhangte lekhabu besana hmanga a tawi thei ang taka ka hung tar lang a nih. A teknikal leiin ngaituona inril tak hmanga tiem naw chun a umzie man fuk el thei a ni nawh. A thupui laktawi ruok chu hi hi a nih: thu mal lamnonhai hi thu uorna dam, hril fiena dam, plural siemna dam le ei hmangna ngirhmun zira thu mal tin umzie danglam thei a ni leiin thu mal ei lamnonhai hi ziek kop lo hrim hrim ding a nih, ti hi a nih. Chu chu ei thu bul intranna le kharna chu a nih.

===========
[*Editor's Note: INPUI columnist Pu Keivom is a retired Indian foreign diplomat and a respected Hmar Mizo litterateur. This article was written by him on Aug 7, 2009, New Delhi.]