Hmar Trobul (Origin of the Hmar Tribe)

By Pu L.Keivom*, Inpui Columnist

‘Hmar’ intihai hi tuhai tak am an ni a? ‘Hmar’ ti chu iem a na a umzie? Ieng lei le ieng huna inthoka hnam hming hi an hung put el am ning a ta? Ieng leia Hmar hnathlak ni si, a threnin Hmar an inti ve naw am ning a ta? Ka sunghai tu am an na?

Hieng zawna tin hi zawna mawl taka inlang, sienkhom don harsa tak vong a nih; mi hrang hrang don dan khom inkhuongruol naw nih. Zawna mawl taka inlang, sienkhom don harsa tak el, “Ieng leia Israelhai hi Juda mi tia an ko am a na? Israel mi nina le Juda mi nina chu thil thuhmun a ni?” ti indon ang a nih. Threnkhatin thil thuhmuna an ngai laiin threnkhat ruok chun an ngai naw a, a san chieng taka hril fie ding chun a hrana lekhabu ziek hiel ngai thil a nih. Chuong ang boka zawna ho taka inlang, don harsa si chu: Zo hnathlak po po hi Mizo ei ni vong am? ti hi a nih. “Ei ni vong” ti pawl um an ta, “Ei ni vong nawh” ti pawl um bok an tih. A san chu hieng Hmar, Mizo le Juda tihai hi hming tlanglawna hmangtu hnamhai hung suok hnung daia inkona hming tlanglawna hmang an hung ni chauh lei a nih.

Trobul sui le sa hnung sui

Histawriei ti hi tienthu, hun liem taa mihriem thil thaw le khuorel thil tlungin kakhawk a nei pei dan chanchin suina a nih. A suitu le chîk taka bi-a a thil hmu le hriet hai ziek thlatu chu ‘Histawrian’ a nih. Histawrian chu histawri siemtu le ziektu a ni nawh. Mi tin, sungkuo, khawtlang, hnam le ram tin hai hi ei nun le thilthawa mani histawri seng ni tina siemtu le ziektu chu ei ni lem. Chu khêla chun khuorel hrim hrim, mihriemin ieng ei law thei lo dam le inveng fimkhur chun ei pumpel thei thil tam tak a um bok a. Chuong thil tlunghai le a nghonghai chu sui a, inchik a, indota a hriet anga rem khawm a, a thlirna tukvera inthoka histawri inkhina hmol hmanga thil tlung san le a kakhawk pei dan nia a hmu le hriet hai inlai taka zieka sietu chu ‘histawrian’ a nih.

Thil hnung sui ding chun sirsana hmang tlak sulhnung hmawr iemani bek hriet a ngai. Sa hnung sui ang deuh a nina lai a um. Sa hnung ei sui a, a hniek lien le chin chier dup el ei hmu a. Chuong sa hniek chier dup lai chun ei sa sui hniek hriet a ngai a. A châng chun ei sa zui tak hniek kha sui hlei thei loa sa dang hniekin a chilh khum vong chang a um hlak. Sui suok tuma bei ngar ngar chun ei hniek sui kha hmun dangah sui zom thei dinga a hung inlang nawk chang a um bok. Hniek inlang thei lona hmuna lem chu hniek ringot hmanga sui thei a ni naw leiin, sui thei dan dang zong a ngai. Chu dinga tu laia an hmang hlawk tak chu DNA hmanga chi zungzam inmatna suina Genetic research a nih.

Entirnan, eini rawi chanchin hmang inla. Hun hrang hrangah China rama inthokin hnam hrang hrang ei inpèm suok a. A threnin sim tieng ei pan a, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand le Burma (Myanmar) ah ei inzar dar a. Sim thlang pana hung thla pei hai chu Burma, India hmar sak ram le Bay of Bengal Tuipuia zuk inkhaw lut Chittagong Hills Tract (Bangladesh) le Arakan (Rakhine) chen ei inzar phar ve thung a. Hnam hrang hranga hung insiemin, trong hrang hrang hmangin ei hung indar a, hnam upa le inbul tak ni ei inchu seng bok a. Zo hnathlak po po hi hlawm khata intêl khawm khom ni inla, tumbailok tiet chauh ei ni laiin, trong hrang hrang 47 chuongin ei la hang inthre dar nawknghal a, chu ruol chun hnam hrang nina hauh seng ei tum bok a. Chuonghai laia hnam pakhat chauh chanchin sui bing tum chu bupawl vum thûr laia thrim chite inhmang zong ang a nih. Sui fie nuomna luota tienami phuok sa treuh khom ei bo nawh.

Kong dangin hang hril fie tum inla. Hmawng lien tak, China rama zungpui thlak, Asia sim ram le sim thlang ram, mêl sang tam tak dâpa inzâr, a kâu tam tak trawl le thi tak, sienkhom kâu thar, zung thar le dawn thar insuo peia inzâr lien deu deuh ang a nih. Zo hnathlakhai hi chu hmawng zâr kâu za tam laia a rieu pakhat ve ang chu ei ni a, hnam hrang hranga insâlhai hi hna khat seng ang chauh ei nih. Chuong hna tin chun bul tak nina inchu ei tum seng leiin mani histawri chit sukupatna dingin ei chanchinah tienami, thurachi, thusim le phuokfawm, thu kanglang tak tak ei bel sa seng a. Chuleiin, Zo hnathlakhai histawrihai hi a sai sa nuoi el a nih. Uiin luok a bun a, a hung invèl nawkin a luok bok chu mi êk sawna inhnik ti taka a fak angin ei khèl phuokfawm a hung invel nawk pha leh bu tak sawnin ei beng pùk púk a, mani dawi sa fain ei inrui a; khêl phuok huoi huoi chu ei histawri hre chiengtuah ei ngai el a nih.

Chu thila chun Hmar hnathlak intihai khom hi ei duoi bik nawh. Ei hma thruoitu tak khom ei histawrian hmasa tak nia ei ngai, Hmar History (1958) buotsaitu Hranglien Songate kha a ni ka ring. Kum 1970-74 lai khan, ka rawi upa L.Rokung, kum 2003-a muol liem tah leh bel chieng dawl deuh meta siempui tumin nasa takin hma kan lakpui a, chanchin tam tak kan khon khawm sa bok a. Ka thawpuina san chu a lekhabu kha Hmar History ti hming puta Hmar tronga lekhabu pieng hmasa tak a ni tlat leiin histawri ziek dan kalhmang hraw deu meta siem phuisuipui ka nuom lei a nih. Chu ding chun histawria hlu lut thei chin po ka thlier hrang a, a dang po chu thusim (myths) le thurachi (legends/folklores) hnuoiah sung khawmin Bung linaah ka sie khawm a. Chuonga ei thaw chun, trobul thu ei lo pam puom rak hai hi mutpuom (balun) inthre angin a hung inthêp dang el a nih. Inthêp sien khom bel chieng a dawlin inza a um ve thung a, chanchin la hung sui peihai ta dingin sullhnung indik a kawkhmu bok a nih.

Hi thil kan buoipui lai hin kan ngaidan a khuongruol naw a. Ka thawpuihai ngaidan chu, “Eini nêka thu le hla hlui hre lem an um ta naw ding a ni leiin ei hlu lut ang ang chu thrangtharhan thudikah an hung pom el ding a nih” ti a nih. Uong thu chang naw sien, kei ruok chu naupang tè ka ni laia inthoka histawria inhnik, M.A chen histawri sakzek la le sorkar sin ka thaw hnung khoma inchuk zom zing ka ni leiin, khêl le chokpol histawri chu ieng anga tlor le ngainuomum khom ni sien, dîla saidawium ruok nam phùm ang a nizie le iemani chen pil sien khom hun tuifawnin a la hung lèn suok hun a um tho tho hlak ti hre chiengtu ka ni leiin, “Eini lêt tama lungvar nei le thil hre lem thrangthar hung suok pei an ta, ei thu le hla hlù luthai hi bèl chieng dawla an hriet naw chun thudik ei hlù luthai chen khom thrang sain an la hung hnawl vong bakah thukhêla hnam chawm chu an inthrang a fûk ngai nawh” tiin ka thrang ve thung a. Chu chu tu chena ka ngirhmun chel a la nih.

Sinlung thusim (Sinlung tradition)

‘Hmar’ hnam hung suok dan ei sui ding chun trobul thusima inthoka tran a ngai a. Pipu thusima an hung suokna nia an hriet hla tak chu ‘Pûk’ a nih. Chu pûk lutna kot chu lunga an sin hlak a ni leia ‘Sinlung’ an ti khom a ni el thei. Hi pûk hi China ram, hmun pakhata um ni dingin an zeldin. Hmar History (1958) ziektu Hranglien Songate hril dan chun, an hung suok dan hieng ang hin hlain an lo phuok a:

Khaw Sinlungah kot siel ang ka zuong suok a,

Mi le nêl lo tam ie, hriemmi hraiah.

Hi hla umzie chu: A bûka inthoka se kotrol chawm hlêna siel a’n chawm suok angin, Sinlunga inthokin ka tlân suok a. Mipui (mi le nêl) an lo tam èm èm, mihriem nauhai, tina a nih. Anni suok ruol hin mi dang tam tak khom an suok ve ti hi hla hin a suklang. Ngaituo ngai ruok chu, a hrilna trongkam hi a nih. A tu lai trongkam ta hle a, Chin Hills an chuong kai hnung, Rûn (Imphal River) le Trieu inkara an khawsak hnunga an trongkam hmang a zawl ta hle. Sinlung an suoksan lai hin hieng ang hin an trongin hma sawn hman tang a ti? A sawn hman tah ring a um naw leiin, kum tam tak hnunga hi hla hi an phuok a ni el thei. Chu chu a ni si naw chun an Sinlung hril hi hnai tea um a ni thei bok. Chin Hills a cheng unauhai chun Sinlung hi ‘Chimnuai’ an ta, chu chu Chin Hills-a Tiddim khaw bula um a nih. Thado-Kuki hai chun ‘Khul’ an ti a, chu chu Imphal vadung (Rûn) hnara um ni dingin an ring ve thung.[1]

Kum 1989-a Rangoon-a inthoka Zoram Khawvel bu hmasa tak ka ziek laiin, Kawlhai le hnam hrang hrang hung thlang tla peihai chanchin nasa takin ka sui a. China sim thlang, tuta Yunnan Province le a se vela inlal, Nanchao Lalram a hung tluk siet hnunga hnam tam tak inpem suokhai lai khan eini rawi khom Kawl mihai leh an suok ve a ni ka ring thu le Sinlung ei ti khom hi Yunnan Province khawpui Kunming-a inthoka km 100 vela hlaa um Stone Forest (Lung Ngawpui) laia inthoka ei hung suok lai thu le inzom a ni theizie ka ziek a. Hi Lung Ngawpui hi acre 96 hmun, thingdol anga insang lung tolawt ngot a ngir khupna hmun, thruoitu thra nei naw chun inhmang der theina khopa lien a nih. Japan mi khuolzina fe hlakhai khomin an trobul intranna nia ringin, hi hmuna hin an hung biekzin hlak. Hi lung ngawpuia hin inbi a, chu taka inthoka an hung tlan suok leia Sinlung hla hi an lo phuok a ni nawh ti tuin am ti thei ei ta?

Shan thusim (Shan tradition)

Hmarhai thusima hming inlang zing zing le an thu le hla tam tak hung suokna hmun nia an hril chu Shan/San a nih. Hi taka an um laia an ropuizie thu khom hlain kûr nguoiin an phuok a:

Sinlung lamtlak a thra indang,

A pa lamtlak a thra indang;

Shan khuoa thra po in vang,

Tuoichongin hranlu a tlunna;

Thlomu siek a ke min hrilh,

Zainghawnga hranlu bah kan sal.

Shan khuo thlang fa pu tling tleng e,

I do thlunglu bak i’n sal;

Ka sawmfang thlaw, ka laimi tha,

Thral khatah la’n ei de ning.

Shan khuo fiertui thra vâr indang,

Naufa’n hnamchem ang an chawi;

Thlangfa nghaknu lien inthang,

Lawnlei i’n sa, khawmuol i’n hoih

ti dam hi an hla mi maksanpek laia mi a nih. Liendang Hla tia hriet, nunghal tlangval insaina hla tam tak an phuokhai le Butukhuonglawm le a bebawm hla tam tak hi Shana an um laia an thaw tran le an phuok niin an hril.

Chuong khopa khaw inhoia an hril fak chu hluo sawt thei loin, trampui mitsim hung tlungin a hnot dar tawl tah a nih. An hril dan chun, hi truma tram tlak hi a na hle a. An ran vaihai chen khomin an tuor a. Vokpui khom phingtram taluoa mani kea ngir zo loin pal an innghai a, an pal innghai a tluk ruolin an tlu hlum ve top el niin an hril hiel a nih. Hieng ang hin hlain an lo phuok a:

Shan khuoah lenpûr a tlakin,

Mi raza tlân thiera e;

Chung Pathienin Shan zuk siem a,

Shan khuo lung ang ngîr na e.

Ei hmaa zawna poimaw inkhang chu: Shan khuo hi khaw laia um am ning a ta? Ieng tik huna an hluo am a na? ti hi a nih. Hranglien Songate chun hi khuo hi tuta Kawlram hmar tienga Shan State sunga um ni dingin a zeldin. Shanhai chanchin ei hang sui chieng ruok chun ‘Shan State’ ei ti tak lem hi chu kum 1962-a hung pieng chauh a nih. Anni hi hnam tenau laia zel an nia chu hnam lien tak, Burma ram sunga cheng ringot khom maktaduoi 6 vel ni dinga ring a nih. Hwangho le Yangtze vadung infinna biela inthoka hung le indar pei an nih. Anni hin ‘Tai’ tiin an inko a, pawl 4 Tai Yai (Shan Proper), Tai Lue (Sipsong Panna-China), Tai Khuen (Kengtung mi) le Tai Neua (Dehong-China) tiin an inthre a. ‘Shan’ ti hi Kawl (Burmese) haiin an kona hming a ni a, chu chu ‘Siam’ tia inthoka an lak a nih. Kha hma khan Thailand hi ‘Kingdom of Siam’ ti a ni hlak.

Hi taka inthoka indar peiin Shan lalhai chun Burma pumpui deuthaw opin lalram pathum Pinya, Sagaing le Inwa (Ava) ah an indin a. Eini rawi ei hung thlang tlak a, Kabaw phaia ei khawsak laia mi optuhai kha hmunpuia Sagaing neia inlal an nih. An hmunpui tak ruok chu Ava hmunah a um a, chu taka an Rengpui laia pakhat chu Sao Saw Ke a nih. Ama hin a laichin hnai, a tupa Kytaungyo chu Tahan (Kale) le a se velah lal (swabaw) in a hung sie a, Kale (Tahan) le Khampat kulhai khom hi ama bawl nia hriet a nih. Hieng Shan lal sungkuo laia an unau pakhat Sukhapa chu an suknuor leiin Maulunga inthokin AD 1215 lai khan a suok a, Patkoi tlang chuon khumin Assam ram sak kilah 1253 AD khan Charaideo-ah umhmun a khuor a, Ahom lalram an din a, chu taka inthok chun ‘Assam’ ti khom hih a hung suok a nih. Shanhai chanchin kimchanga suina tu lai hnai ela suok chu Sai Aung Tun ziek History of Shan State: From its Origin to 1962 (Silkworm Press, 2009, p.684) a nih.

Hieng hi thil um dan a ni leiin, ei hlaa Shan khuo ei hril vet hi Shan State-a um ni dinga bel tum chu an karkik taluo bakah hnachanga khuoihnang bel an hril nêk hmanin bel kop intak lem a tih. Shan State-a hin an khawpui Taunggyi chen voi thum zet kum 1986-88 sung khan ka’n zin ta a, ram mawi le boruok inhoi, chengna dinga duthusamum hlie hlie a nih. Amiruokchu, ei histawri le hang sui mat ding hnuhma a vang kher el. Chuleiin, ‘Shan Thusim’ hi Kabaw phai an suoksan hnung, Rûn le Trieu inkar Sanzawla an cheng lai thil ni lem dingin ring a um. An hla thuhai khom hi hieng laia an cheng hnunga an trong hmang leh an inzawl lem daih a nih. Chu chu Mizo Chanchin ziektu B. Lalthangliana sut dan leh khom hung inmil lem a tih (p.90-92).

Kabaw phaia inthok hin eini rawi a threnin Arakan tieng an pan a, Arakan Tlangpui (Arakan Yuma) le Chittagong Hills Tract chen an inzar thla a. A thren, a tam lem ruok chun Chin Hills, tlangram khokrok le thengthaw, sakelhai chengna, tu khomin inhnar tin le rùn tina an mi ngai tah nawna tlangramah ei kai a, pahnam hnama tlang hluoin damten umhmun nghet ei khuor tran a, sungkuo le khawtlang inrelbawl dan hai ei hung duong a, khawtlang insukhlimna hrang hrang ei hung ching suok a, ei trong hung phuisui peiin a hung indar sar a, tlang hrang hranga chenghai trong khom a kum telin a hung danglam tiel tiel bok a nih. Ei thu le hla tam tak khom hi hieng hun laia pieng le hung inthrang tran tak tak chauh niin a’n lang. Chun, tlang lo neia khawsa, khaw hmun nghet bengbel hman loa an khaw satna vela ram an vat pawn pha leh tlang dangah kum 3-5 vel dana inson pei an ni leiin an chanchin sui khom a harsa bek bek a nih.

Hmar hming pieng hun

Lungnona thrang loa histawri inkhina hmanga chîk taka tuta Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hrang hai inkona hming hung suok dan hi ei sui chun, a tam lem hin Lusei trong hmanghai mi kona hming ei som a nih: Hmar, Lakher, Pawi, Paite, Ralte, Vaiphei. Tuta Hmar pahnam hrang hrang, Old Kuki ti hnuoia sie, pahnam hminga inko zinghai hi a tu khom ‘Hmar’ ti hming a suok hma daia inpem suok vong an nih. Chun, Hmar hnathlakhai chanchin, tienami, hla hlui le dawi hla a ienga khom ‘Hmar’ ti hming hi hmu ding a um nawh, a la pieng tlat naw leiin. Ka hriet dan chun, lekhabua a chuong hmasakna tak chu 1904-a sut, G.A. Grierson buotsai ‘Linguistic Survey of India, Volume III Part III a na; a hung inlang nawkna chu 1912-a sut Lt. Col. J.Shakespear ziek ‘The Lushei-Kuki Clans’ ah a nih. Chun, ‘Hmar’ ti hi ‘Mar’ tia inthoka hung suok ni dinga hril pawl an um a, sienkhom ‘Mar’ chu Lakher hnam inkona ‘Mara’ tina a ni lem.

Grierson inrawina hnuoia linguistic survey an thaw laia thil poimaw inchik tlak chu Zo hnathlakhai pawl lia a mi thre dan hi a nih. Northern Group, Central Group le Southern Group le Old Kuki tiin a thre a. Northern Group-a a siehai hi Chin Hills hmar tienga khawsa, “G’ Group tia ka ko hlak Thado, Suktu, Sizang (Siyin), Galte (Ralte), Gangte, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei le hnam dang dang, ‘R’ neka ‘G’ hmang pawlhai an nih. Central Group-a a siehai chu Tlaisun (Tason), Lai (Pawi), Lakher (Mara), Lusei, Banjogi, Pangkhuo le a dang dang, ‘R’ nei pawl an nih. Southern Group-a a siehai chu Chinme, Welaung, Chinbok, Yindu, Chinbon, Khyang/Sho, Khumi le a dang dang, ‘R’ Group-a mi bok an nih. Group lina hai ruok chu an lo thlang tla daih tah lei le Bengalihai zuk paw a, Kuki hming an lo inputtir tah hiel an ni leiin Old Kuki hnuoiah a sie daih thung a nih. Chuonghai chu Aimuol, Anal, Biete, Chawthe, Chawrai, Chiru, Darlong, Hallam, Hmar (Mhar), Hrangkhol (Rangkhol), Hiroi-Lamjang (Lamkang), Kaipeng, Kolhren (Koireng), Kom, Molsuom, Purum, Ranglong (Langrong) le a dang dang, abikin ‘Hmar’ ti sunga pahnamhai le an siperhai po po hi an nih.

‘Kuki’ tia lo kotu Bengalihai zuk paw hmasatu tak chu tu laia ‘Hmar hnathlak’ tia hriethai hi an nih. An zuk pawna hun, rikawta inthoka sui thei chu 1450-1500 AD vel kha a nih. Anni rawi hi chuong lai le tu chen khoma inkona hming tlanglawna ‘Kuki’ hmang nuom loa mani pahnam hminga inko deu vong an la nih. An hnunga hung Thado-Haokip-Khuongsai haiin ‘Kuki’ hming hi inkona tlanglawnah an hung hmang leiin tu chen hin an put tah pei a nih. Chun, ‘Hmar’ ti hming hung piengna hi 1850 hnung tieng niin a’n lang bok. Chu umzie chu, Tripuraa thlang tla hmasa, Old Kuki tia hriet, tuta Hmar hnathlak tia hriethai thlang tlak hnung kum 400 velah ‘Hmar’ hming hi a hung pieng chauh a nih. Manipura Hmar hnathlak threnkhat, entirnan Anal le Chawthe haiin Manipur an lutna huna an rikawt le ‘Hmar’ hming piengna inkara khom hin kum 300 vel zet a tla bok a nih.

Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura le hmun hrang hranga khawsa Old Kuki-hai lai kohran pawl tum tumin tirko ei tir tawl a, thil chinchang ieng khom inchuktir hmasa si loin ei sezawl insuo top a. An rongbawlna, an hnam chanpuihai kuomah, “Hmar ni si, ieng dinga Hmar in inti nuom naw? Ieng leia Hmar trong in hmang naw?” dam an ti tah mei mei a. Hmar hming a pieng hma daia thlang tla, an unau bul le ziding lem, trong bul neitu le hmangtu an ni lem ti ngaituo nachang an hriet nawh. An nina le inbul lemna pompuiin, “Keini a hnukhawia thranghai chun a hran senga pahnam hminga inko nekin hming tlanglawnah ‘Hmar’ ti hi kan hmang lem an tah” tihai sien chu a bul lem nina chang nuom lo le lien lema insung lut nuom lo tu khom an um nawh. Hriet ding poimaw chu, rawl tawp insuoin, “EICH EM AA AR Hmar hi a lo nih, pi le pu chen khoma an lo sak sa” tiin voi sang tam inawi hlak inla khom, khêl ei hril inruol rawn mei mei chauh a nih. ‘Hmar’ hming hi pi le pua inthoka an lo sak sa a ni nawh, pi le pua ei ngaihai an la hnai hle a ni pal ngot naw chun.

Hmar hming le trong suok dan

A tawi thei ang takin, ‘Hmar’ hming le ‘Hmar Trong’ ei ti hi a hung suok dan hang hril ei tih. Mizorama chambang, Hmar hnathlak pahnam hrang hrang, Lusei lalhai opna hnuoia khawsahai kha Lusei lalhai an hung indo phing leh remchanga lain tam tak hmar tieng panin an suok a, chuonghai chu ‘Hmarho’ tiin an ko a, pahnam seng hminga inko nekin chu hming chu inkona hming tlanglawna an hung hmang leia hnam hminga hung pieng tah pei a nih. A hmaa ei hril tah ang khan, chu thil chu 1850 vela intran niin a’n lang. Chun, ‘Hmar Trong’ ei ti khom hi Lusei lalhai opna hnuoia Hmar hnathlak pahnam hrang hrang trong le Dulien-Lusei trong inchok pola inthoka trong thar hung suok, Hmar hnathlak thlang lo tla hmasahaiin ‘Khawsak Trong’ tia an ko hlak chu a nih. Hi trong hi Chanchin Thra puong darna hmangruoa hmang hmasa tak a ni leiin a hung inthrang hlut hlut a, lekha tronga hmang a hung ni a, College chena vernacular sabzeka hmang thei Major Indian Languages (MIL) laia pakhata Manipur le Assam sorkarin an pom hiel a hung ni phak tah a nih.

Hmar hnathlak hrang hrang, thlang tla hmasa le hmar tieng pana Manipur rama inzar dar hmasa hieng Aimol, Anal, Biete, Chawthe (Chothe), Chawrai (Chorei), Chiru (Rhem/Hriem), Darlong, Hrangkhol, Kaipeng, Kharam, Kolhren (Koireng), Kom, Lamkang (Lamjang), Muolsom, Purum, Ranglong (Langrong), Sakechek le a dang dang hai hi ‘Hmar’ hming a pieng hma daia lo inpem dar tah an ni leiin, mani pahnam hminga tribal list-a lo inziek lut an um a ni khomin makti ding a ni nawh. A thren chu an hming put hmasa tak ‘Kuki’ hnuoiah an la um zing. A thren ruok chun mani sahimna zongin, lung tlu lo deuin, Naga sa an phun tah bok a nih. Chuonghai ang boka Zo hnathlakhai laia Naga (Tangkhul) sa lo phun tah hai chu Lai (Pawi) hnama mi Maring le Mayon hai hi an nih.

Lien lema ei thlir chun, Kabaw phaia inthoka Chin Hills tieng ei kai lai khan tuta inkonaa Zo hnathlak hnam hming hrang hrang ei neihai hi a ieng khom a la pieng nawh niin a’n lang. ‘Lusei’ tia inkohai khom hi ei hang bi chieng chun, a ziding tak le lal thlaa inngaihai hi Chin Hills-a inthoka Mizoram tieng an thlang tlak tawm ruoia sungkuo, an pa Paite (Zahmuok), an nu Hmar (Lawiler) a inthoka hung suok an nih. Hi nupahai histawri indina inthok hin a tawpah Mizoram hi a hung pieng a nih. Amiruokchu, anni hung thlang tlakna hun hi Zo hnathlakhaiin Mizoram an hung hluo tranna anga histawri ei ziek chun Lusei trong hmang ve lohai po ei hnawl tina a ni a, chu chu thil infuk lo, hnam insuikhawmna lampuia tlukna khur le dalna lungpui a nih.

Chun, hnam hming thil ringot khom ni loin, ei sakhuo biek dan le ei pielral lutna lampuia ei ngai khom a la hnaiin, mong inlang kûka inthrung a la nih. Mithi khaw panna, pielral lutna lampui ni dinga ei ring chu Trieu vadung sak el, Ri Dil (Hri Li), Burma le Mizoram inrìna bul ela um a nih. Hi lai hmuna hin ei Hringlang Tlang, ei Lunglo Tui, ei Hawilopar, ei Mithi Khuo le ei Pielral khawvel khom a’n thlung vong a nih. Ei hung thlak pei a, Khawlêk khaw bulah Thlanpiel Kot, mithihai hraw hlak lampui ei hung nei nawk a. Chu taka inthoka fe peiin Haflong suo tienga Ngaiban Tlang ei ti hming khom hi a hung pieng tah pei a nih. ‘Fâng’ ei ko changa hmun hming ei sàm inzing tak hlak khom ‘Hri Li le Champhai’ an nih. Hieng lai hmun ei hluo lai hin pahnam hming ngota inko ei la ni a, ei khaw maksanhai khom pahnam le a siperhai hming put vong an nih: Biete, Chonsim (Chawnchhim), Darngawn, Kangbur, Khawzawl, Khawbung, Keivom Zo (Ngaizawl), Thriek, Tuolte, Neidon, Ngurte, Sungte (Chhungte), Vankal, Zote, le a dang dang.

Chun, Tripura, Cachar le Manipur tienga an inzar dar hmaa an lo cheng khawmna nia an hril chu Ruonglevaisuo (Tipaimukh) a ni a, Hmar hnathlak tam tak ta dinga an Sinlung-2 a nih. Hi hi Ruonglevaisuo Thusim/Tradition tia hril thei a ni bok. Hi hmun le inzom chanchin inzawt ding khom an hau hle. Chu chu ‘Hmar’ ti hming a pieng hma kum 200-300 vela thil tlung a nih. Hi thila hin ei chieng pha leh Hmar hnathlakhai inkara insuikhawmna kot khom hung inhong lien pei el a tih. Chuong ang char chun, ‘Mizo’ ninaah ei chieng pha leh Zo hnathlakhai inzomna khom hi hril tam ngai loin hung hrat pei bok a tih. A pumbil tum bik ei um pha leh ei trè hlak a nih.

Tlangkawmna

Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hranga inkohai hi Kabaw phaia ei cheng khawm lai chu hnam khat vong ei la ni leiin, a hrana tu khom insui bing thei ding ei la um nawh. Chin Hills le a sè vela kum iemani zat ei cheng dar hnungin Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hrang le trong hrang hrang hi a hung pieng chauh a nih. Chin Hills-a ei um hnungin Kawlhai mi kona hming ‘Chin’ ti ei put a, hnam hming tlanglawna ei put hmasa tak hming a nih.

Chin Hills-a inthoka thlang tla hmasa, Korvai (Bengalihai) zu paw hmasatuhai chu ‘Kuki’ tiin an lo ko a. Chu hming chu Zo hnathlakhai hming tlanglawn pahnina chu a nih. British-haiin India hmar sak an hung tawn tung pei lai khan Zo hnathlakhai po po hi ‘Kuki’ tia hriet le ko vong ei nih. Chuonghai laia thlang tla hmasa, a hnunga ‘Old Kuki’ an ti hnamhai chu tu laia ‘Hmar hnathlak’ tia hriethai hi an nih. ‘Hmar’ ti hming, inkona tlanglawna an hmang tranna ruok chu kum 1850 hnung tieng a nih.

Chun, Lusei lal, abikin Sailo lalhai opna sunga ram po chu British-hai hung lut hnungin Lushai Hills tiin an hung ko a, a sunga chenghai po chu ‘Lushai’ ti an hung ni bok a. ‘Lusei’ ti hin kawk pahnih a nei a. Pakhat chu ‘Lusei hnam’ tina a ni a; a dang chu Lushai Hills sunga cheng, Dulien trong hmang, khuo le tui nina nei po pohai inkona hming a nih. Amiruokchu, hi ram sunga hin hnam zawnga Lusei hnam ni lo a tam lem daih an ni leiin, Lusei saphun anga inko chu Zo hnathlak hnam danghaiin remchangah an hriet naw leiin, inkona hming tlanglawn dingin, kha hma daih khoma khawtlanga an lo hmang hlak ‘Zo’ ti besana hmangin ‘Mizo’ tiin an hung thlak a, a ram hming ‘Lushai Hills’ khom Mizo Hills tiin, a ram trong ‘Lusei trong’ khom ‘Mizo trong’ tiin an hung thlak tah pei a nih. Hi hming thara inthok hin 1972 khan ‘Mizoram’ ti khom hi a hung pieng a nih. Chu hming thar, nina le tronga chun hnampuia insiem tumin Zo hnathlakhai hi damten ei insung lut mek zing a, ei kalchawi dan khom ei lungril le ngaituona a hung har suok dan ang peiin hung khuongruol deu deu pei a tih. Chuonga hnampuia insiem dinga ei inzel tung pei lai chun, inthuruolna thra lem ei nei theina ding ding hming chu ei la hung put pei bok ding a nih. Hnam thilah hming hlun bik a um nawh.

Hi lampui char hi Hmar hnathlakhai khomin an hraw tung mek a nih. Hnama dam khawsuok ding chun chin lem neka lien lem peia insung khawm nachang hriet a ngai. Mani kea ngir seng tum chun ei kawl le kienga hnam var lem le hrat lem haiin a hmatiemin an mi dol el a nih. Zo hnathlakhai laia India hmar sak rama hnam dang chim ral tuok nasa tak chu Old Kuki hnuoia um Hmar hnathlakhai an ni el thei. An ninaah chieng a, inthuruolna lampui hraw a, an dierkei an kei sing a trul takzet a nih. Hrietna dinga na nei chun ngaithla ngun raw se. (October 27, 2009 Delhi)

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[1] W. Shaw’s The Thadou-Kukis, 1928 p. 28

*Pu Keivom is a retired Indian foreign diplomat and author of ZORAM KHAWVEL series.