Literechar: Hnam Rohlu

Ziektu: Prof. Lal Dena*, Inpui.com Patron

I

Literechar umzie

Hmar literechar chanchin ei hril hma’n, literechar umzie la zuk tuihni met inla. Sap tawng thumal tam tak Hmar tawnga ei lak lut mek a; chuhai laia pakhat chu literechar thumal hi a nih ti ei hriet seng. Literechar ti hi Hmar tawnga a tlukpui chie thumal pek an tak hle. Dr (L) Lalnghawrlien chun literechar umzie a teuh tak nia a ngai thumal chu ‘nunrobu’ a lo tih a. Amiruokchu hi hin lekhabu a kawk bik deuh a. Literechar hi lekhabu ni loin lekhabuah um thu hlu a nih lem a. Lekhabu nazawng hi literechar a ni kher bawk nawh. Mi thenkhat chun literechar chu ‘thu le hla’ an ti bawk a. Amiruokchu thu nazawng khawm chu literechar a ni nawh a, hla nazawng khawm literechar a tling bawk nawh

Prof (L) Siamkima chun literechar umzie hieng ang hin a lo hril ve thung a: “Literechar chu thu iengkhawm, mihriem hringnun le inlaichinna nei chi, hun sawt sung hlutna nei dinga fel fai le tha taka ziek hi a nih” tiin. Fel fai le tha taka ziek ding chun tawng hmang khawm a tha theipatawp le a uluk theipatawp a tul a, a ziek dan kalhmang khawmin a zir a tul bawk. Mihriem ta dinga hun sawt tak sung hlutna nei ding chun, mihriem nun hrilsuokna, mihriem ngainuom ti zawng, hrietzing tlak, thuvar, suongtuona thu le duthusamhai khawm an ni ding a nih. Hieng ang zul bawk hin Dr(L) Lalnghawrlien bawkin literechar umzie a hmu dan a lo ziek nawk a: “Literechar chu mihriem lungrilin a suongtuo tha tak, insang tak, inthuk tak le lien tak, nuna tuok le a tak hlim thlaa suongtuona rama siem le mani mihriem chanpuihai hriet ve dinga ziek chu a nih” tiin. Chu umzie chu ei beiseina, ei beidawngna, ei hlimna le lawmna, ei tapna le innuina, ei hlawtlingna le hlawsamna, ei nuorna le phengna, mihriemin ei tawnhriet po po puongsuokna chu literechar a lo nih. Literechar chun mihriem hringnun hi a nina ang takin an mi’n hmutir a. Hringnun hi an hawihna le a rinumna inkawpa siem a na, a hlim umna chauh ei thlang thei nawh a; an pahni’n an inkawp naw chun nun hi a famkim thei nawh. Literechar chun mihriemin dam lai khuolzinnaa ei tawnhriet po po hi a fuon khawm vawng a nih.

Literechar chun hringnun hlutna a mi hril a. Chu hringnun hlutnahai chu kawng dang dangin suklangin a um a. Chuonghai chu hla dam (poetry), lemchangna thu (drama) dam, thawnthu (novel) dam, thusep (essay) dam, tienami tawi (short story), tienami hrim hrim le a dang dang an nih. Mihriem, a hun lai le a kawl leh kienga chim veltuhai chu literechar innghatna bul an nih a. Hringnun le a tak ram nun, hla, thawnthu le lemchangnahaia chun thai langin an um a. A tir chun baua inhlan sawng pi pu thusim, lalhai, lal nauhai, lalnuhai, mi lienhai, mimir le rannunghai chanchin chenin a mi hril hlak. Literechar chu baua inhlan sawnga inthawkin damte’n zieka hung umin khawvel pumpui huop tienami dang dang hai dam ei hung tiem thei pha ta a nih. Literecharah hin hringnun thutak le thil ni chie chiehai ei hmuh a. Chuong ang bawkin suongtuona khawmin sinsiena le tienamihai hmangin hringnuna thudik thailangnaa literecharah hmun pawimaw tak a nei bawk.

II

Literechar chi hnihai

Sap ziektu hmingthang De Quincy chun literechar hi pahni’n a lo the a: hrietna mi petu literechar le thilthawtheina mi petu literechar. A hmasa lem khin hrietna le thiemna a mi pek a; a nuhnung lem khin hrietna le thiemna ruolin thilthawtheina a mi pek belsa a nih. Enrirna dingin hrietna literechar chu hieng science, humanity le social science sapzek dang danghai hi an nih. Chun thilthawtheina literechar chun lungril le ngaituonahai thuoiin a mawr a; turin pangti thizam a fang angin mi a fang vel hlak. Entirna dingin John Milton-in Ei Paradis Inhmang a ziek le John Banyan-in Kristien Vanram Lampui Hraw a ziek hai hi ei hang tiem chun thawkkhat loin mani ei intheinghila, ei ngaituona a thuoi hmang a, suongtuona khawvel dangdaihah an mi sie hlak. Chuleiin hieng lekhabu pahnihai hin Saphai literecharah khawm vawisun ni chen hin hmun pawimaw tak an la hluo zing hrim a nih.

III

Literechar zie thenkhathai

Khi a chunga literechar hrilfiena thenkhata inthawk khin literechar zie pawimaw tak tak iemani zat an lang a. A pakhatna chu literechar chun hlutna da thei lo a neih. Kum sang tam taka zieka lo um ta khawm ni sien, vawisun hun chena ngainuom um la tling thei le hring zing chu a nih. A zie pahnina chu mihriem ngaituo suok le siem suok thil mawi (man-made beauty) laia pakhat a nih. Chu chu mawina chuoi thel lo le famkim chu a nih. A pathumna chu literechar chu mihriem nun le zierang, thuruk puong suokna a nih. A palina chu literechar chun thu le hla, ei hril suok le ei hril suok lo, an lang baka um ngairuotna khawvel, a lien zawng hril thei ruol lo khawvela mi’n lengtirtu a nih a. Chu khawvel siem thara zie rang le mawina chi tin renghai chu literechar chun mi’n hmutirin, mihirem nun hi a siem thar a, beiseina thar a mi pek a, nun sukhlimtu khawm a nih. Chuleiin, literechar tha chun ramri tiem chin a nei nawh a.

IV

Literechar hnam hausakna

Literechar hi indona fila laipui le silaia kap dawk a ni ngai nawh. Amiruokchu Winston Churchill-in Indopui Pahnina chanchin a ziek chu historical literechar thaa hril a ni nawk tlat. Mingo ziektu hmingthang Edmund Burke-in America-haiin British-hai laka zalenna an suolna chanchin le Reflection on the French Revolution (French Rovolution laka British-hai inveng dan ding) a ziek hai hi political literechar pawimaw pawla hriet an ni nawk tlat. Thuvarin “Kawlawm hi kawlhnam nekin thil a thaw thei lem” a lo ti angin literechar hi dawnril mi lungril inthuk taka inthawka hung put dawk kawlawma ziek suok chu a nih. Kawlhnam le silaia ram lak nekin literechar hmanga ram lak hi a tlo lem. Mingo lal ram ni tla seng lo khawm lo kawi dar ta sienkhawm, an literecharin an mi manna hi chu inchat theih tah ngai lo ding a nih.

Mihriem nun hlim um taka a um laiin thu tha hla tha a pek suok a. William Wordsworth khawmin thli nemin tuizampar (daffodil) a mut hning sieu sieu a heih hmua inthawkin hla mawi le chang ropui tak:

They stretch’d in never ending line

Along the margin of a bay;

Ten thousand saw I at a glance

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance

ti a lo insam suok pha hiel a. John Banyan nawk thung chun zel bang zuta rinumna tawpkhawk a tuornaa inthawkin thuro hlui thei ta loKristien Vanram Lampui Hraw a lo ziek ve thung a nih. Vawisuna thu le hla mawi, ro tling ei lo nei ve hai khawm hi nun hlim tawpkhawk le rinum tawpkhawka inthawka to suok vawng an lo nih. Eini lai khawm ni tin a thara ei lungzing ni le ei lawm nia mi’n awitu mihrang lo fe hmasahai phuok ei thuro le hlarohai hi hnawchepna le rinumna hril seng lo tuora an phu suok an lo nih. Chuleichun, Joseph Stalin lem chun “literature is the engineer of human soul” (literechar chu mihriem thlarau inzinier ) a lo ti hiel reng a nih.

Mihriem hi bei chauhin ei hring nawh a. Ama Prof (L) Siamkim bawkin mihriem hi thu le hla tha hlimpui hlak le, thu le hla thaa inchawm ngai ei nih a lo tih a. Literechar tha chun nun a sukhausa a, varna a mi pek belsa bawk hlak. Khaw lai ram le hnam khawm literechara hausa chu hnam hausa an ni hlak. Literchar sukhausatu chu hnam le ram khawmin a ngaisang hlak. Saphai chun “India ram boin ei um thei a. Shakespeare bo chun ei um thei nawh” an ti hlawl el.

A khaw hnungin chanchin tha eng ei hung hmuh ve a. Manipur sim thlanga chu chanchin tha mansapui inbangna ei lo inti hiel. Uong thu loa, mihrang lo fe hmasaha’n thuro le hlaro tam tak an mi maksanpek leiin; ei sir vela unauhai pur phurna ei lo ni hiel pha a nih.

V

Literechar chu fel fai le uluk taka ziek a tul

Sap tawng mawizie hi Holy Bible King James version-ah hin ei hmuh. Thou, thee, hath, giveth ti hai dam a hang um thlup hin Sap tawng lo buripzie le thupuizie ei hmuh a. Tawngtainaah khawm ‘We praise Thee, Thou art my Rock’ tia hang insam ngat hi chu a thupui bik a nih. King James version a fel hlelna deuh lo um sienkhawm Saphai literechar innghatna bulpui pakhat chu a lo nih hrim hrim a nih. Ei literechar innghatna bulpui tak khawm ei Bible hi a nih. Buhmasa ei suo chara, tiem le ziek inchukna khawm ei Bible-a Chanchin Tha Johan ziek ei lo hmang tak hlak. Ka hriet suol naw chun India hmar saka lem chu Bible version hauh tak ei ni tah awm.

Tuhin Bible version pali ei neih tah a: Bible Society Version hlui (BSVH); Bible For the World Version (BFWV); Delhi Version (DV) le Bible Society Version thar (BSVT). Lalrosem IAS (Retd)-in Bible an let mek thu a mi hril a, a puitling theih chun version pangnga ei nei ta ding tina a nih. Saphai lem chun version 150 neka tam hiel an neih a nih awm. Amiruokchu, tuta Bible version ei neih ziek dan staiel hi an ang naw rup. Entirna dingin St.John 3:16 hi zuk hmang inla.

1. BSVH: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai bek bek a, chuongchun a Naupa khat nei sun chu a pek a; ama chu tukhawm a ring taphawt chu an bohmang nawh a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. A tha tawk vieu. ‘hmangai’ hi thluk neih a ni naw leiin, a cheltangtu ding ‘h’bela ziek ni sien.,etn- ‘hmangaih’. ‘a’ pathum ei sukdumhai khi Pathien aiawtu an ni leiin hawrawpui ‘A’ hmang ni sien. ‘sun’ hi thuzawmnaa hmang a ni leiin, a hmaa thumal neih leh hin ziekmat ni sien, etn- neihsun. ‘ama’ ti khawm hi Naupa hawrawpuia ziek ang bawk hin ‘Ama’tia ziek ni bawk sien. ‘tukhawm’ ti hi a hrana ‘tu khawm’ tia ziek ni sien. DV chun a hran vawngin a ziek. Etn- Inkhawm tan a hun tah veih leh, mi khawm (tu khawm) an la hung lem ie

BFWV: Pathien-in khawvel a hmangai emem a, chuleichun a Naupa neisun chu a pek a; ama chu tukhom a ring taphot chu an bohmang naw a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. ‘Pathien’ le ‘in’ kara hyphen um hi a tul nawh. Amiruokchu, proper name le foreign thumal le ziek kawp a ni pha (-) hyphen hi hmang ni chauh sien, etn: Japan-in hnena a chang, add. A chunga hawrawppui hmang tulna ei hril tah hai khi hril nawn ta nawng ei ta. BFWV-ah hin ‘bek bek’aiin ‘emem’ a hmanga, ‘emem’ hi chu a da deuh niin an lang a, “bek bek’ hi hmang zing ni sien.’Aw’ ri tawia ‘O’ BFWV le DV-in an hmang a, ziek dan tlangpui an hraw nawh. ‘neisun’ a ziek kawpa, a tha. Sienkhawm ‘nei’ ti hi a chunga ei hril ta angin a cheltangtu ‘h’ belin ‘neihsun’ ni sien.

DV: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai em leiin, a Naupa khat nei sun chu a pek a; ama ring taphot chu bohmang loa chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. An let tawi fel a, a fie bawk a. Amiruokchu ‘a’pathumhai khi Pathien hrilna an ni leiin hawrawppui ‘A’ hmang ni vawng sien, a hmaa ei hril ta hang bawkin ‘hmangai’ ‘nei’ hai khi ‘h’ bela ziek ni sien, ‘ama’ ti khi hawrawppui ‘Ama’ tia ziek ni bawk sien.

BSVT: Pathienin khawvel a hmangai bek bek a, chuongchun a Naupa khat neisun chu a pek a; tukhawm ama ring taphawt chu an bohmang nawh a, chatuona hringna an nei lemna dingin. ‘a’ pathumhai khi Pathien hrilna an nih leiin hawrawppui ‘A’ hmang ni sien, ‘hmangaih’tia ziek ni sien, amiruokchu ‘nei’ah khin ‘h’ bel ni sien, ‘tukhawm’ ti khi a hrana ‘tu khawm’ tia ziek ni sien.

A chunga rawtna ei siem ang khin hieng ang hin ziek ta inla: Pathienin khawvel A hmangaih bek bek a, chuongchun A Naupa khatneihsun chu A pek a; tu khawm Ama ring taphawt chu bohmang loa chatuona hringna an neih lemna dingin.

Duhlien tawng ziek diknaah ‘h’a pawimaw ang bawkin, Hmar tawng fel fai le uluk taka ziek dik ding hin ‘h’ a pawimaw ve em em a nih. Etn- Lekhabu pakhat chauh ka neih, (chauh=only). Chau-ah ‘h’ bel naw chun a kawk a dang nawk daih, etn- Ruola, ka chau ta ngei ie! (chau=weak). Mi thenkhatin ‘chauh’ hmangna dinga ‘cho’ dam an hmang a. Anleh, khuongbai kuo ka cho tia ‘cho’ leh iengtin am ei thlier hrang ta ding?

‘h’ hmang le hmang loa kawk dang neih tam tak thumal an um.

Eta - deu - Mi deu ngai naw rawh. (Mi hmusit naw rawh).

deuh-Ni tin Isu ka lungrilin ka hmangaih deuh deuh a.

dai - Antam chu daia inhuon ding a nih.

daih- Ka pawisa chawiin a daih tah nawh.

hei - Hei! Thaw ta naw rawh.

heih-Heih hah! Heih en tu’m Sandamtu sawh!

Khieng thumalhai ang bawk ‘h’ hmang tulna hai, etn- bauh(bark); deih (cold), khauh (hard/strong); rauh (Hienga I thaw rauh rauh chun…), kauh kauh, lauh lauh, meuh, neuh neuh, sauh sauh, le adang dang (add) tam tak an um. Ei hril nuom tak chu vowel pahni inkawp ri tawia hmangna dinga ‘h’ hi a cheltangtu ding hmang pei inla, ei tawng hi ziek dik le tiem dik awlh nawk zuol a tih.

A chunga rawtnahai khi lo ngaituo ve reng reng ta; hi hnung peia ei lekhaziekhai a fel fai zuol theihna ding le a hma neka literechar tha lem ei neih theihna dingin. Hi hi ‘h’ perspective-a inthawka thlirna chauh a la nih.

Lekhabu rawnhai:

2. Hmar Bible,BSVH, Gospel Centenary edition, 2009.

3. Hmar-English Parallel New Testament,BFWV, 2008.

4. Baibul (Hmar),DV, 2007.

5. Pathien Lekhabu Inthieng-CL, BSVT.

6. Siamkima; Zalenna Ram,Aizawl,1992.

7. Thuro (Hmar Literary Journal), July, 1983.

8. L.Keivom; Hmar Hla Suina, Churachandpur, 1980.

9. Lal Dena; In Search of Identity: Hmars of North East

10. India, Akansha Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007.

*Prof Lal Dena is a historian currently working at Manipur University.