By L. Keivom, Inpui.com Columnist
Suo Thumna (Part Three)
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| L. Keivom |
Kum tam tak sunga Hmar thu le hla hlui ka lo khon khawmhai chu lekhabua insuo dan ngaituoin 1973 lai khan Delhi tlanga inthokin ka ziek tran a, chu chu a hnunga HMAR HLA SUINA ti hung ni ta kha a nih. Chuong lai chun Pu Hranglien Songate ziek HMAR HISTORY ti kha histawri fe dan kalhmang deua siemphuisuipui tumin ka ruolpa L. Rokung leh nasa takin thrang kan lak a. material ka mamawhai chu hung zong khawm dingin ka hang incha a, an hmu thei thei chu an mi hung thon pei a. Hi hi kan puitling zo ta naw leiin kan ziek thrat ta po le material kan khon khawmhai chu tu chen hin ka la kol vong.
Hieng laia ka buoipui tak chu kan thil khon khawma inthoka a sî le a tak, tienami (story) le chanchin um tak tak (history) hai thlier hrang a, tienami lo po chu histawri bawma hlu lut a nih. Chuong ka buoipuihai laia pakhat chu Sikpui Hlapui, Sikpui Kut inthrumna hla, mi threnkhatin Tuipui Sen kà n hla an ti nuom el hi a nih. An ti nuomna san khom,
Sikpui inthang kan ur laiatia thumal ‘senma’ ti hi a nih. Hi hin Israelhai kà n Tuipui Sen (Red Sea) kha a sukhoi tlat a nih. Tuipui Sen ti lem hi chu Hebrai tronga khom um lo hrim hrim a nih. An kà nna hmun laia ngai hi phairuong tamna hmun a ni leiin Sea of Reeds (Phairuong Tuipui) ti a ni hlak a, sekular literechara ziek langtu hmasa tak nia hriet chu B.C parietna laia thu le hlaa mi ropui, Iliad le Odysseus ziektu Grik mi var Homer kha a nih. A hnung daiah tuhaiin amanih ‘Reed’ ti thumala ‘e’ pakhat kha ziek hmaiin ‘Red’ tiin an ziek a, Reed Sea chu Red Sea a hung inchang tah niin a’n lang. Chu umzie chu, Red Sea (Tuipui Sen) hming a hung put tranna hi Saptrong a hung tuolleng hnung, Mosie le a rawihaiin an kà na inthoka kum sangthum vel hnungah a ni chauh tina a nih. Tuipui Sen kama khuo Jeddah-ah kum thum neka tam kan sungkuoin kan um ta a, Tuipui Sena hin kan inhnel hlak a, sienkhom a sen naw chieng khop el. Tui pangngai dang ang boka rong nei lo, a elkhaltu rong anga inlang hlak, tui rong put ve tho a nih.
Changtuipui aw, senma hrili kang intan
Chun, hi hla hi hlui ta hle dinga ei hril laiin, chik taka ei bi ruok chun a tlar hninaa ‘Chang tuipui’ ti hi hla thu hmanga trong keilet ‘Tuichà ng’ tina a ni tlat a, chu chu Aizawl le Champhai inkar lama um, vadung lien rak lo a nih. Chun, thumal dang ‘hrili’ ti hi zeldin thua Hmarhaiin Hrili/Hri Dil ei ti, Luseihaiin Rih Dil an ti, tien laia mithi kotsuo ni dinga an lo hril hlak leh ei bel kop tum lem chun a hung saisa deu deu a, umzie a nei naw deu deu bok. Umzie lo inneitir ta hrim inla khom, hla hlui deua ei ngai hi mong inlang kuka thrung a lo ni thei zing bok a nih.
Hi hlaa hin hmun hming dang a hril ta naw leiin a dang hi chu an trong hmanga inthoka bi a ngai a. An trong hmang hi a changkang ta hle a, ka ngaidan chun Thriek trong hmang amanih hrehai amanih phuok a ang bok. Hla tlar hni nei chi (couplet), Grik tronga ‘distichs’ an ti ang a na, tlar hmasa lam riet le tlar nuhnung lam sawm le lam khat peia siem a nih. A thluk khom hi, a tlar khatna le tlar hnina hi Hmar Zaiin, Independent Kohran hla thluk deuin a tran a a tlar thumna hi tu lai thluk, solfa deu takin a sunzom a, a tlar linaah Hmar zaiah a lut thla nawk a. Chun a tlar hninaah a key a thlak nghal a, tlar hni dangah a pakai a, a key pangngaiah a lut nawk a. Chuleiin, tlar hni hla anga siem ni si, sienkhom ei sak pha chu chang tin tlar li ni si a ni leiin hla chang ruk ni loin chang thuma sie ding ni awm tak a nih. A thu fe dan kalhmanga ruok chu tlar hni pei hi umzie neia siem, couplet a nih. Hieng anga phuok hi Sikpui hla dang pakhat khom a um nawh.
Ei thlir zui pei chun, indona hmangruo an nei ‘phawsiel’ (siel vun hmanga phaw an siem) le ‘fei’ tia inthok hin siel an vai hnung le fei an hmang hnung a nih ti a’n lang a. Chu umzie chu Chin Hills ei kai hnung daih, sienkhom, silai an hmang hma si ni dingin an lang. Chun, tuipuiin a lem zo an rà lhai amanih hmelmahai hi ‘laimi’ ti a na. Laimi ei tihai chu Luseihaiin ‘Pawi’ an tihai inkona hming a ni leiin, zeldin thuin an indopuihai hi Pawihai an ni nawh ti thei a ni bok nawh.
Hieng ei hril tahai le sir hrang hranga inthoka bûkin, hi hla hi hla hlui tak ni theiin a’n lang nawh. Chun, tu hnam khomin an hla upa tak hieng anga standat hin an phuok ngai bok nawh. Hi hla hi an phuok hun tukhomin hre naw inla khom, hla tam tak an phuok hnung le hla tienga nasa taka hma an sawn hnunga phuok a nih ti ring hi him lem dai a tih. Chuleiin, Seminar-a fehaiin Hmarhai hla hlui laia a puithu tak le upa tak nia an pom hi histawrianhai hoiher leh an chetzie hi a’n persan hle a, an zeldinna boruoka inhlieu mei mei khom an hoi khop el.
Chuonga puithu le upaa Sikpui hlapui an ngai lai zingin, Sikpui Kut hi Sanzawla um laia an hmang tran chauh niin Seminar chun a pom nawk ang loi bok si a. Chu umzie chu, a ru inlanga hril chun, Kabaw phairuom an suoksan hnung, tu lai trong takin Moreh an suoksan hnung, Chin Hills an kai hnung dai, Trieu an tlung tawm ruoia an hmang tran chauh le a hlahai khom an phuok tran chauh a nih tina ang a nih. Daireka Manipura hung lut nihai sienla lem chu, Saidan tlang an tlung hnung daia an hmang tran le a hlahai khom an phuok tran anga hril tluk ni thei bok a tih. Inhril upa tum bok siin, ieng leiin am Seminar-in hieng thil hi a thaw ning a ta? Iengtin am an thu tlukna hi historical framework leh an kei kop thei ding a na? Hnachanga khuoihnâng bel chu nêpte ning a tih.
Chun, Seminar-in Sikpui Kut thu a hrilnaa, “Bu le bal tienga malsawmna an dong chu a petu Pathien kuoma lawmthu hrilna le inthawina ang deuva Sikpui lam nunkhawnuom hi an inser hlak a nih. Chuleiin, an lak ursun em em a, a ser khom an intamtir hrim a nih” (p.28) a ti hi phuokfawm histawri indik tak a nih. Ei pi le puhaiin kût hrang hrang an lo hmang hlakhai le an thilthawhai kha an sakhuo leh inmatna an nei vong a, chuong sakhuo le inzoma an thilthawhai chu ‘sakhawhmang’ tiin an lo inbuk hrim a nih. Sakhuona le inzom der lo, khawtlang insukhlimna lieu lieu kût an hmang hlak chu Sikpui Kût chauh hi a nih. Sikpui Kut hi Pathien kuoma lawmthu hrilna amanih inthawina amanih a ni ngai hrim hrim nawh. Sikpui Kut hi sakhaw thil a ni naw leiin an inser ngai naw a, a hmangin an hmang lem hlak a nih.
Chu bakah, ‘Khawbung a la ti ta deu deu’ ti angin Seminar-chun, “San khuoa um lai hun chu Hmar History-ah ‘Golden Period’ tia inbuk thei a nih. Hlain ‘San khuo’ a ti hi Sanzawl ni ngei dingin ring a um” a la ti nawk ta deu deu! Hi hi an besan deu chu Sana an um laia thu le hla tam tak an phuok lei ni awmin a’n lang. San khuo sukropui an tumna luotah Thlanrokpa Khuongchawi leh an hril mat a, San khuoah khuong an inchawitir hep hep el a nih! Tawtawhai tienami le histawri thlung kop tum hi chu a buoithlak hrim a nih. Chun, Sana an um laia trà m tlak rapthlakzie kha tu chena hril sìm a la tling a, chu leia indar vong an nih ti hi pipuhai hril dan a nih. Ei Golden Age-a inbuk ding chun suong a um naw trek trek khop el. Golden Age umzie an hriet naw leia an ti khom a ni el thei. Ram le hnamin iengkimah hma a sawn insang lai tak hi Golden Age ti a ni hlak a, chu hnung chun damten ram le hnamin inhnuoi tieng a pan hlak. Mihriem nuna ei vanglai ang hi a nih. Seminar-a fehai ti lo, Hmarhai lai hin tu am San khuoa ei pi le puhai cheng lai hun kha ei hnam ta dinga Golden Age a nih ti pom nuom ding? A umzie hre taphotin nuom naw vong an tih, kan unaupa Laikhuplien khom thrangsain.
Sikpui hlapui: Setan hmangruo
Sikpui inthrumna hlapui hi a suok dan le a hung suoksan um ngei a ta, chu chu sui suok tumin hma la pei ei tiu. Hi hla hin hnam tonhriet leh inzomna a nei am ti zawna ei indon pha pha leh, lo thei loin, Israelhai tonhrietah a mi kirpui a, don el thei lo zawna tam tak a cho suok bok a. Mani ninaa lungawi lo le dit khop lo, nina inzaum lema an ngaihai nina intrawmpui chak pawlin inbikrukna dingin an hmang a, hnam threnkhat lem chu hi hla lei le Pu Hranglien Songate chawilar ni awm tak Manmasipa leiin, Kristien sakhuo maksanin Juda sakhuoah an inpêm ta a, a hringhrana Judahai ropuina chu (an tuorna thrang sa loin) intrawmpui an tum a, a zaa tiem Israel ramah an inpèm pha ta bok a nih. Kum 1993-a Israel ram ka sir trumin ka zu kan tawl a, an innghatna tak chu Sikpui Hlapui hi a ni vong. Kristienhai tukvera inthoka thlir chun, hi hla ang tluka Setanin hla a hmang hlawk hi Zo hnathlakhai hla lai pakhat khom a um nawh, ti inla, inkhêl naw nih.Chuleiin, sungrila piengtharna indik tak nei, Isu zuitu tak tak, hnam nina le sakhuo ninaa chieng, Isu hmangaina leia kristien sakhuo hum nuomtuhai chun Sikpui hlapui hi Setan le a rawihaiin var taka mi an thruoi suolna dinga châng an lo kam ruk a ni le ni naw dam hi dap le zong suok a hun ta hrim a nih. Chu ngirhmuna inthoka thlir chun, hi Seminar hi Pathien hmangruo ning a ti, annawleh Setan hmangruo?
Sikpui hlapui hung inlà r tran hun ni awma inlang ei dap chun, ringna tienga peteka ngai, kohran nawlpuia inleng ta lohaiin a hringhrana Israel nina intrawmpui châka kum 1950 vela inthoka Calcutta Israeli Consulate an zu dawr tran hun lai kha ni tlatin a’n lang a. Chuong hun laia hieng thila inhnik mi pakhat chu Sakordai (Hmunsanga) lal Lalsanglien (Raja Sanga tia hriet lar), pa mak tak le hming inthang deu el kha a nih. Independent Kohrana thrang hlak ni sien khom a petek hnungin ama sakhuo a biek a. Aizawla kan zin changa mi hung kan hlaktu, mi hlui, police ofisar bang, hieng thila inhnikna nei, Pu Hranglien Songate le mi hrang hrang pawla chanchin lo khawl khawm hlak Pu Sapchhunga leh kan titinaah hieng thil hung satpui hluttu chu Raja Sanga niin a hril tlat a nih. Chun, Sikpui Lam hung tuoi thar nawktu laia pakhat chu Vaitin lal Hrangtinai a ni a, Sikpui Hlapui hung tral suokna khom hi hieng lai biel, Sinlung Development Council huom sung hi ni theiin an lang tlat a nih. Hi thil hi lung innona ringota nor loa, histawrian lungril puta sui chi a nih.
Pu Hranglien Songate ziek HMAR HISTORY chu 1935 vela tranin 1950 lai khan a ziek zo a, 1956 khan sut a ni a. Hieng lai hin Sikpui Hlapui ei hril hi a la hriet naw ni ngei a ta, a lekhabua hin mal khat khom a hril sa naw a. A hnunga 1970-74 laia zau lem le umzie nei lema siem thra a, sut nawk dinga a buotsai lai ruok khan chu Sikpui hlapui ei hril lai awn zawng ringota Hmar chanchin hi thlekpui a hung tum ta tlat a nih. Chuong ang thlarau puta histawri ziek ei tum chun ei zeldinna thu le inmil dinga ei hla hluihai kei her le phuok bel pei rin nawna a hung hring thei a, thlarau khelhlip thununna hnuoiah ei intang thei a nih. Chu chu siempuisuipui tuma thrang ka lakpui lai khoma kan inkhuongruol nawna tak a nih. Chu thlalak fie tak chu Pu Hranglien Songate thi hnunga a lekhabu an hung insuoa hin hmu thei a nih.
Hi hla hmang hin ka kut ngei khom ka hriet loin Setanin a hmang niin tuta hnung hin ka hriet thar a, nasa takin poi ka ti thar bok. Ka hriet suok hma chun, Paula ang bok khan, hnam ta dinga nasa taka thrahnemngaiin ka lo inngai hlak. Chu chanchin chu hang thlir vuot ei tih.
Kum 1971-a Manipura District training ka nei trum, Churachandpur-a ka hang inzin laiin Imphala inthokin Pu Ngurdinglienin a mi hung zong a. Home Ministry, Delhi-a inthokin Manipuir sorkarah zawna poimaw tak an hung indon a, chu chu Zo hnathlakhai laia mi threnkhatin Sikpui hlapui besana hmanga Israel hnama an insal thu sukchieng an tumna leia an hung thaw a nih. Chu chungthua Manipur sorkarin donna a thon ding Note chu siempek dingin a mi hung ngen a nih.
Inhmaw takin U Rokung inah ka fe a, a typewriter-ah chu donna Note chu ka buotsai sok sok a. Hi hlapui hi ka buoipui lai le suong êm êm lai a ni leiin, Israelhai tonhriet leh kei kop tum tlatin, trânghma ngai deuin ka’n let a. A hnuoia hi ka NOTE siem kawpi, ka file-a inthoka ka lak suok chu a nih:
A Note prepared for the Government of Manipur in 1971 by Mr. L.Keivom
From time immemorial the Hmars used to celebrate during winter season an annual festival called SIKPUI FESTIVAL OR FEAST. In one of the songs of this Sikpui Festival, there is a vivid reference to some happenings in the unknown distant past, which bear similarity to the experiences of the Israelites at the time of their liberation from the Egyptian bondage under the leadership of Moses and the events that followed after they crossed the Red Sea. This particular song occupies such an important place that no Sikpui Festival can start before singing it with rapt attention. This fact may therefore suggest that the incident referred to in the song might have been an unusual happening of great consequence in the pages of their national history; otherwise they would not have attached great importance. Following is a rough translation:While we are preparing for the Sikpui Feast,
The big red sea becomes divided;
As we march along fighting our foes,
We are being led by pillar of cloud by day,
And pillar of fire by night.
Our enemies, O ye folks, are thick with fury,
Come out with your shields and arrows.
Fighting our enemies all day long,
We march forward as cloud-fire goes before us.
The enemies we fought all day long,
The big sea swallowed them like wild beast.
Collect the quails,
And draw the water that springs out of the rock.
In one of the Hmar folklores, mention is made of the Great Deluge largely similar to the one mentioned in the Holy Bible but with a slight variation. According to this account, the big flood covered the whole earth except one hillock where all living beings fled to safety. There are unconnected accounts, however.
Another Hmar folklore mentions something like the happenings after the Great Deluge: their attempt to build a Tower of Babel and the providential intervention leading to the confusion of the language of the people involving in it. There is a slight departure from the biblical accounts in this case also. The Hmar folklore talks mainly of the division of language without mentioning the background.
Religious particularly sacrificial rites and practices of the Hmars are very similar to that of the Jews in biblical times. The question whether these similarities are accidental can only be a matter of conjecture as empirical study is not possible with our present scanty (mostly hearsay) historical material. One thing however is very clear. Given the geographical remoteness and the near similarities of their accounts of their national experiences and the commonality in sacrificial rites and practices, the Hmars and the Jews might at one time have either lived together long enough to influence on each other’s way of life or they once belonged to the same community. This missing link will remain the unsolved mystery in their history, a challenging task that so far eludes solution.
Kum 1978-a Nairobi a ka um laiin Bangkok-ah inkhawmpui ka hang hmang a, ka hung kir tieng Churachandpur ka hung sir a. Chuong laia Churachandpur Deputy Commissioner Pu T. Hangshing chun bu fakah a mi fiel a. Juda sakhuo inruipuihai laia pakhat a lo ni a. Sikpui Hlapui thu le 1971-a Manipur sorkar ta dinga Note ka ziekpek thu ka hril a, a phûr êm êm a, a kawpi thon dingin a mi ngen a, chu chu December 27, 1978-ah ka hang thon a, chu chu a chunga ei tar lang hi a nih. Hi hi anni rawi ta dinga hmangruo thra tawp a lo ni a, ama khom a penson hnungin Israel ramah a’n pêm ta hrim a. Hi hi a nih ka hriet thiem hmaa Setanin nasa taka ka kut a lo hmang ve dan a hmaa ka hril kha.
Sikpui Hlapui, ei satpui rak el hi, chik taka sir tina ena ei bi chun, Thuthlung Hlui chanchin iemani zat ei hriet hnunga phuok ni sien a ang khop el. Do dan thiempa Setan, ralhrangpa thaw dan hi einin hre thiem inla chu, hieng ang lawm lawm hin Sikpui Hlapui hi ei inruipui ka ring nawh. Chuleiin, hi dawi hla hi a dawibûr indik takah khum nawk dingin hma lang ei tiu, ei histawri le ei sakhuo sukbuongbartu a ni zui pei nawna dingin.
(May 13, 2005)
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