Fak-le-dawn Zawngna a Hmar Hai Ngirhmun

Fak-le-dawn Zawngna a Hmar Hai Ngirhmun
(Economic Conditions of the Hmar Tribe)

Ziektu: Pu Zosanglien Zote
Date: July 19, 2007
A) THUHMAHRUOI: Khawvel a ei um sungin fak le dawn zawngna le sungkuo khawsak na dingin sum le pai tamtak ei mamaw a. Ei sum mamaw ruokchu ei khawsakdan standard zirin sungkuo tin hai hi an angnaw vieu el thei.

A) THUHMAHRUOI: Khawvel a ei um sungin fak le dawn zawngna le sungkuo khawsak na dingin sum le pai tamtak ei mamaw a. Ei sum mamaw ruokchu ei khawsakdan standard zirin sungkuo tin hai hi an angnaw vieu el thei. Hmar hai hluo chin ram : Vangai tlang , Hmar biel, Tuiruong dung, Tuithaphai, Lakhipur phai le Cachar tlangrama khuo iemani zat, Haflong le NC Hills tlangrama khuo danghai,Mizoram hmartieng panga khuo umhai hi khuo tamtak ka hmuta hnung le fangta anni leiin a mipui chenghai sum laklut dan le khawsak dan hai hi mi in an mi hril hriet ringawt nilovin ka tawnhriet a um nuol ve ta a. A tlangpui thuin Hmar hai hluo chin ram ( Hmar ram hang ti bik deu hlek inla ) a ei khawsakna hi midang nekin an hnuoilem hret hin ka hriet hlak a,a khawvel pumpui le ei kawl le kieng hnamhai hmasawn ruola hma eisawn ve nawna san le ei insiemthatna ding ni awma ka hriethai thil ieng ieng iemani hril nuom ka nei ve leiin le hi ka ngaidan hi in mi lo intawm pui ve a iemani bek hmasawnna a umtak duoiin ti beiseina insangtak le hi article hi ka hung buotsai ani.

Literature tieng thiemmi kani naw leiin ngaidan tamtak ka nei hai hi a hmatiema, mumal neitaka, mi tiem nuom zawngtaka remkhawm ka thiem naw a , in hruoi nenga ka ziek hlak ruok hi chu in mi ngaithiem ka nuom.

(B) PATHIEN CONDEMN EINI NAWH :Mi tamtak chun , ‘ Hmarhai chu State tina indarsar neng nung a um , mani ram khawm neizo lo, thingtlang ram a cheng eini a , ei ram del le Politics a ei ngirhmun an hnuoi em leiin hang hmasawn ziezang chi in ni lova’ tiin ngaidan ei nei khawm ani el thei. Pathienin inhnuoi bik ding le changkang ngailo reng reng dinga ‘ Condemn’ hnam ami siem ang hrima inngai pawl khawm ei um thei bawk. Andikna chin khawm a um el thei a , amiruokchu ei vangneina le mi hnam haiin an mi phaknawna tamtak um hi eingaituo ngainaw lei chau khawm ani el thei bawk.A hnuoia hin hnam danghai neka ei vangneina lien deu deu hang tarlang tum ei tih :-

1) Ei unau hnam thenkhat hai chu an umna ram le hmun an angnaw leia sakhuona hran hranin a thedar an um mek laiin eini chu za a za Kristien eini a, hi khawvel kheltienga chatuona hringna beiseituhai vawnga ei umthei leihin ei vangnei hle ani. Tuipui rala inthawkin ei neka hnam changkang le hrat tamtak fekana eini kher kher chanchintha in a mi hung elvar bik neka vangneina nasalem hi a um thei di’m ani ?

2) Ei vangnei em em na chu ei reng deuthawin India rama ei um thei hi ani. Ei unau hnam thenkhat hai chu a then India rama, a then Myanmar a, a then Bangladesh a an um ani. India ram , democracy ngaisangtu le mimal zalenna ngaisangtu rama ei um hi ei vangnei hle ani. Ei duthusamin ei hnam puolin State neinaw inla khawm India rama citizen haiin ‘ right’ mumal taka ei neisengna rama um eini leiin ei umna khuo hai seng hi ei ‘ ta’ anni a,dan ang thlap lem chun tukhawma an mi hnawtsuok thei ngawt naw ( Ei neka ralhrat lem le huoisen lem haiin dan ang nilova dannaw anga anmi hnawt suok el hlak hi chu thuhran nisien).

Tuta ei umdan pangngai a hin chu ka ditdan nekin ei umna senga hin eiin suk mikhuol deu hlek niin ka hriet hlaka. Hmarhai lai a Sawrkar sin thawtu hai khawmin mani ram sinthaw nilovin tuhai ram amani a sin thaw, inhlawfa ang deuva ei inngai taluo deu hlek niin ka hriet hlak.A theisung chu leave laka , run dala thaw a , mani sin a ringumna le taimakna nei derlo mihriem kha mi chethei le ropuia ei ngai ani chun ( ei Pathien thu le ankal leiin) hnam ropuitaka suok ngai naw mani.Ei umna state senga le ei sinthawna senga insuk chawngpu inla, ei umna khuohai hi ei dam khawma ei thi khawma ei umna ding ani ti a hin chieng inla thatak in ka hriet. Chuong chu nilova, khawlai rammi amani ang deuva inngai a ,mani khuo a mikhuol ang deuva inhrie a , hnatlang le ilo nikhuo a khawm inthawk tha pei raklo, khawtlang tading a hamthatna iemani sawrkara inthawka a hung khawm lo fahmang tu le mani sungkuo bing hamthatna ding chauva hmang hlaktu hai lem hi chu ei dova, khuo / hnam hmelma anni ti a hin ei chieng hle a hunta bawk.

(C) FAK LE DAWN ZAWNGNA A EI RAM VANGNEI BIKNA : Mi thiemhai chun fak le dawn zawngna awlsam, ram hmasawnna dinga hmangruo pawimaw a anhril hlak hieng : a) raw material b) infepawna lampui c) market tha tihai hi a chunga ei tarlang ta Hmarhaiin ei del chin rama khin a um tha deu vawnga . Hiengang ramtha le remchang del , ringtu ni bawksi hi iengtinam ei rethei vieu ana ti hi thilmaktak niin an langa , ngaituo tham a um a ni. A hnuoia hin ei ram del chungchanga ei vangneina lien deu deu hai hang tarlang tum ei tih :-

1 ) Ei ram a lan thawl hle : India ram hmun dang ngaituoin Hmarhai del chin rama hin thil hang thaw ( thlai ching / ran vai / lo nei / huon nei ) tum tadingin ram a lan thawl hle ani. Hmar khuo tamtaka chun khawtlang thuoituhai hrietpuina in man ummang lo khawma mani enkawlding ram chu nei el thei ala ni. Chuongang ema awlsawm ani naw khawmin bul hang tanna ding pawisa neihai tading lem chun ramman hi ala tlawm khawp el.India ram hmundanga , abiktakin khawpui a hai lem chu , ram le tui man hi ansang hle a, eini del chin ramhai neka ram le tui awlsamna hi a vang ta khawp el. ( Mizoram thingtlang khuo a hai khawm hin ram le tui man chu an sang vieu antah) . Iengkhawm nisien ei hril nuom dan chu patlingin tum ren rawn pui taka a nei chun ram le tui ( a lien tam a chin tam ) hang nei ve hrim hrim chu ei rama hin la awlsam tak sien a hawi vieu ani.

2 ) Ei ram a la tha : Ei pi le pu haiin an hunlaia ram thatdan chanchin an mi hril chun bu tin khat hmun a tin 400 / 500 an thlo dawk thu ani rawp hlak.Vawisun hin hieng ang ram hi khawlai khawm a um tanaw ani el thei.A pawimaw tak chu ramin ra tha insuo dinga enkawlna tieng tienlai nekin ei taimak zuol deu angai ta tina ani. Hmarhai del ram khawlai khuo a khawm bawngek hin man a nei bek bek ka hriet ngai naw a, a lakkhawm taimak a , mani rama phul / chap pei kha hnuoi thatna chu ani el naw am ani? Ringna a ei entawn tak Israel hai hman an ram thlaler rama tui le hnuoi thatna pekfawm vawngin thlai chi hran hran mi rama thawnsuok chur chur khawp an ching thei chun ei ram chu Bible a Kanan ram a hril hlak neka a thatnaw lemna iem a um chuong a ? Israel rama tuifinriet tui sukfim fawm ngai nek chun ei rama tuiruong / vadung / tlang le tlang inkara tuihnar tamtak a inthawka tui laksuok a, thlai in a mamaw ang peia tui pekdan ngaituo a pek el hi a awlsam lem vieu naw maw ? Mi ram , mi chengna inhawi le ropui deu hlek dinga ngai hi tienlai a inthawk khawm khan mihriem mizie hi alo ni ve reng reng ta hlak a ( a saptawngin : the grass is greener on the other bank), chu mizie ei la fepui lei chun mi ram hi thalem le inhawi lem a ei ngai mei mei niin an lang.

Ei khawsung a mani a ram ei neisa ngei kha chei thain ra thalem le hlawklem insuo dinga hma ei laka ei enkawl bak kha khawlai hmuna khawm thildang a um taktak chuong naw a, tu ram khawm hi ei ram neka thalem a um chuong naw ti kha ei hriet zing ka nuom.

3 ) Infepawna a tha : India hmarsak a hmun tamtak a chenghai buoina chu an thlai themsuoksa zawr na hmun pan dingin tha le tangka tamtak seng angai hlak hi ani. Hmun tamtak a lem chu a thlai man nekin a zawrna hmun panpuina man a to lem hlak leiin a kawl le kieng a an zawr bak chu a sie tawp mei mei hlak ani.

A biktakin Mizoram thingtlang khuo ( Hmarhai del chin nilo) hieng Aizawl a inthawka sak , thlang le simtieng pang hi an buoi nawk zuol hlak ani.Hmarhai delchin ram a Tuiruong sawrtheihai hi kawnga hin chu an vangnei zuol hle a, hmundanghai khawm vai fe phak nawna taluo a umnaw leiin a tlangpui thuin a harsa taluo bek bek chuongin an lang nawh.

Mi thiem hai chun thuomhnaw phurna man ( transportation cost) hi tui lampuia a tlawmtak a, relin a dawta, chu dawt a motor lamlien, vuongna a a to tak ani anti. Hmarhai Tuiruong le vadung dang sawrthei hai lem chun man tlawm titiin an thuomhnaw kha a zawrna hmun an inthlung tir thei zung zung a , hmun danga lonei mihai neka an vangnei lem zie hi an inhriet am aw ? Infepawna le thlai zawrna hmun pan awlsam hi a pawimaw em leiin , ei umna khuo kha ngaituo vang vanga , ei thlai themsuok hai zawrna a harsa deuhlek chun a zawr inhawina khuoa ei inpem a bul eitan thatnawk khawm hi a hun el ta thei. Inpem awlsam taluot hi a thatnaw ruolin thlakhla ding um thaklo khuo a umzing khawm hi changkang nawna bul hi chu ani ve hrim hrim.

4 ) Market hmun a hnai : India rama thingtlang khuo a chenghai harsatna lientak chu an thlai themsuoksa zawr na umlo hi ani. Hmarhaiin ei del thingtlang khuo hai hi hang ngaituo vang vang khawmin ei thil themsuokhai zawrthei derlo na hmun hi a vang khawp el. Ei thlai themsuok a tamdeu hlek lem chun fepui ngailovin a hmuna vaiin an hung khar vawng hlak dam kha ani a, market a buoi bek bek ei um naw in an lang.Haflong le a sevel, Lakhipur phai le tuiruong dunga ha lem chu ei ching a ei enkawl khawm nilo , ramhnuoia thilsuok e.g. hnachangvui, tingdawn, hnathiel hna chenin zawr theinaw tak tak khawm a um naw a, suna rama fepei tadingin zantieng pawisa a inchangtir thei deu vawng ani. Hiengang khawpa ram hnienghnar le market thatna ei del hi ei vangnei hle ani.

5 ) Inchukna tha hmun a hnai : A chunga ei vangneina ei ziekta hai popo khi hmang tangkai a , ei khawsakna a hmasawnna taktak inthlungtir theitu ding chu inchukna chau hi ani. Miin thawklekhata a ring le a suongtuona in a phak bak dai pawisa hmu thut sienla khawm a hmang tangkai amani a sukpung nading lungvar a nei si naw chun thil ho meimei a an chang rawp hlak ani. Hi article ziektu ngei khawm hin ka mi hriet tamtak hai lem chun an hmang tangkainaw el ni lovin an mimal baka an sungkuo khawmiin a sietpui lem hiel hlak ani. Hmarhaiin ei del thingtlang khuo hai hi hang ngaituo vang vang inla inchukna thatna hmun ei hlat bek bek tawl naw a ni.

Vangnei chunga vangnei nawksawngna in Pathienin a min thuom a, mi tu el khawm inchukna insang hnawtnuom tuhai tadingin College hran hran a Tribal quota le inhrietthiemna insangtak sawrkarin a mi pek baka sungkuo harsa hai tadingin Scholarship le Loan hai dam ala um nawk pei a.Inchuk insang nuom ngawi ngawi taima bawksi, thiemthei bawksi chun a lampui khawm hi eila dap thei pei nisien an lang. Ei umkhawm deuna hmun ei hang zieksuoktahai khi inchukna insang ei hnawtna kawnga mi suk hnawk thei khawpa kilkhawr khuo a um nawh.

6 ) Tawng ei thiem : Tulai khawvelin a buoipui chu mihriem, hnam le tawng hran hran inkara inbiekpawna hmangruo ‘ Tawng ‘ thiem le thiemlo hi ani tah. Inchukna amani Sumdawngna kawnga hmasawn ding chun mihai le ei inbiekpaw thei angai a, ei inbiekpaw theinaw chun tui luonglo ang kha eini ding ani leiin hmasawn a harsa hle ding ani.Hmarhai ei vangnei bekbekna chu ei unau hnam dang hai nekin midang tawng ei thiem zung zung a , ei umna taphawt a hnamdang hai le inbiekpawna a harsatna ei nei ngainaw. Hihi ei ngaituo chieng nuom chun Pathien malsawmna lieu lieu niin ka hriet hlak.

Khi a chunga ei tarlang Pathien malsawmna le vangneina ei dawng zozai hai khi ei phu ve hrimhrim lei khawm ani chuongin ka hriet ngai naw a, thuthlung thara Krista thisen zara tlinglo le fello sa sa a ‘Ringtu’ eini lei khawm ani el thei.

(D) EI CHANGKANG SI NAWH : Amiruokchu, khieng lawm lawma vangnei , umna hmun infuk, tawngthiem nisi chu mimal le sungkuo thenkhat changkang taktak um inla khawm ( tu mimal le sungkuo bik chanchin amani kha ei hril tum ani naw leiin ) Hmarhai hi a tlangpuiin ei changkang si naw anih. Ei changkang naw hrim hrim ti a indeusaw ding bik tukhawm ei umnaw a , ei changkang nawna hai hi ei hril teu lem chun mani le mani mawng inhlim chau kha eini ding ani.

Chuleiin tuta ei thlung phak chen hi a tha a ngai inla , mimal ( ei lekhathiem hmasa hai amani , ram thuoitu politician hmasahai amani ei kohran thuoitu hai amani ) tukhawm intum ding zawng bik lovin a nawlpuiin Hmarhai ei renga ei hmasawnna ding awma ka hriet le ngaituona ka lo seng vena a inthawka ka lo invawi ve hlak hai a hnuoi a hin ka hung inzawt ve ding ani. Bible thiem kani naw leiin a bung le a chang chu sie diet diet thei naw langkhawm ei Bible a hin tuta ka hung hril ding hai hi a um vawngin ka hriet.:-

1 ) Pocket money a sum ei hmang tam bik hle : Kum iemani zat sawrkar sin ka thaw hnunga India ram hmun tin hmun tang ka fang hnung a ka hriet suok chu Hmarhai hin ei sum themsuok le inphu a ngaituo in Pocket Money eiti sum hmang meimei, thil tangkai inchawkna ni raklo a hin sum ei hmang tamtak el awm de aw ka ti hlak. Entirna’n : Ei insung a sungkuo a ei fak ei dawn thei zing thingpui le a hme ti mei mei thingpui dawr khera dawn le fak ei ching chun a sawt a seia chun sum ei hmang liem kha a tam hle ding tina ani. Ei inzin chang le lo thei lo chang chu a um ve bawk a , amiruokchu insung amani ei khuo a ei um lai zinga thingpui dawr kher kher ei ngaina ani chun changkangna lampui chu ei hraw naw kati na ani.

Thingpui dawr le Pocket Money chu ei lo hmang hlak ani khawmin midang dang ‘ Khilai ‘ dur dur hi an ching chi naw nawk zuol a. Aizawl khawpuia Office a Pathien zara cheng singhni chuong hlaw thal mi panga room khata kumli sung nitin le sunnithlak deuthaw a kan inthung khawmin nauhai pass lawm nikhuo tinaw a chu thingpui kan in khilai khawm ka hriet ngai naw. Mani sengin ei dawn le fakman chu ei pek el khan insuk milien nawna khawm ani chuongin kan hriet nawh. Milien le michin, pawisa nei le neilo inkhina chu thingpui dawra thingpui order hem hem kha nilovin inhmun amani thil tangkai tak inchawk thei le theinaw nikhuo a hin ani lem naw ding amani ?.

2 ) Hawp le hmuom a sum ei hmang tam hle : Hawp le hmuom, ti taktaka chu a thanglo khawma ei um thei , hieng : Kuva, Biri, Sikret,Dumziel, Khaini , Sada, Zarda a hin ei sum thawsuok ngaituoin eiin hmang nasa thei hle. Hienghai hi hriselna tadinga thalo vawng anni ti hi hrechieng hle inla khawm a thatnaw dan le taksa tadinga a pawi thei dan kimchang chu Doctorhai subject ani leiin an ziek thiemlem dai ka ringa.Khawpna taktak inthlungtir thei chi nisi lova pawisa seng hieu hieuna ani ti ruok hi chu ei chieng hle ani.

Sungkuo tamtak chun hawpding le hmuomding hi bu le hme ang deuthaw in an ngaipawimaw ta a, hawp le hmuom nghei chu bunghei nek khawmin rinum anti lem ta hiel ani. Hiengang sungkuo le mimal hi eilo ni pal chun mi vangduoitak eini ta a, mi tamtak sum sengnawna a ei sum ei seng tan bak a , hieng hawp le hmuomin a phursa natna chi hran hran kha ei hmabak mek ani ti kha ei hriet ka nuom bawk.

Hieng hawp le hmuom haihi kalo thaw tasa deu vawng anni a,a thatnaw zie ka hriet leiin vawisun hin chu Pathien zarin ka lo bansan thei ta leiin ka lawm hle. A nghei dan ding ‘ Formula’ tukhawm ka hril thei naw cheuva, amiruokchu hawp le hmuom nghei leia thi der ta tukhawm ei la hriet naw leiin ngheidan awlsam tak chu ‘ thawlo ‘ kha ani ringawt el ani.

Hawp le hmuom ei hril ruol hin hrilsa ngei ngei ding chi chu zu le sa hi ani.Hi hi ngat lem hi chu ei thaw chun sungkuo khawsakna a thosuok a harsa hle a ni. Zu hin chapona a hringdawk ngei ngei leiin mi chapohai hnukthla ngeingeitu ei Pathien kut ei tuor hlak niin an lang. Zu dawn a a thatzie hrilmawi fawm nek chun dawnlo khan ei mawi lem vieu zing ani ti kha ei hrietchengsa ani kha.

3 ) Indiklo taka hausa / khawsathei ei ngaisang : Ei ram sunga hin Sawrkar sinthaw, Politician, Kohran thuoitu, Sumdawngmi etc. hai lai indiknaw taluo a hausa / khawsathei ei um nuol ta. Hril tam rak khawm ngailovin mi hnam hai lai khawm an um annawm eiti el thei. Andikna chin khawm um ata, amiruokchu, ei ram / hnam sunga thalo deuva ka hriet hlak chu khangang indiknaw taka thawhlaktuhai kha mi indiktak rethei si hai neka ei ngaisang lem el bakah khawtlang le hnam thil / organization chen hai a chawimawi le dawmsang ei ching hi ani.

In khuo a sawrkar zirtirtu, Sikul kai ngailo, naupangin thiemna anneina ding kawnga thahnemngaina sete khawm neilo, hlaw ruokchu inkhel lova la , Saptawng kawi hni / khat a thaw thei leiin ‘HSA’ thuoitu challanga vawi iengza’m inthlang ta a?. Annawleh ,Sawrkar a thangna nei, sawrkarin a siena khuo a khawm fe pei lo , hlaw ruokchu la zing zing, Pathien thu a hriet ve zul leiin Kohran Upa / thuoitu a mi iengzat chie am in thlang ta a? Annawleh, mi tuamani, a thawtak le a hlaw zat khawm hriet ni mang lo, invak invak hlak, sinthaw peilo, mi hlem zeu zeu hlak mi iengzat chie am in khawtlang thuoitu a in thlang ta a ? Hril ding le ziekdan ding tamtak a um thei a, ei article a sei taluo naw na dingin dittawk tum ei ti.

Ringtu hnam nibawk si,hiengang mihriem dawmsanga, chawimawi a , milai a nina challang deu deu pek ei ching pei a , hnam ropui le changkang ni ei tum bawk si chun ei tumna le ei fena lampui an kawkal ani ti kha kalo ngaituo ve dan ani.

4 ) Mi Indik ei vang tan ta : Hmar khuo a khawsa mek eini chun hi article hi ei tiem chie a ei ngaituo nghal dingin indawnna hang siem eiti ; In khuo a Kohran Upa / Kohran thuoitu hai laia mi a tutak amani kha Kohran sum kawltu ( Treasurer ) a hmang ta inla , nawia khat khawm a bo a bang umlova kawl him hmak ding Kohran Upa / Kohran thuoitu iengzat chie am la um anta ? Kohran sum a kawl sukbuoi ngai derlo Kohran Upa / Kohran thuoitu tadingin lawmman siem ding ni inla a dawngthei ding ei tlawm vieu ta in an lang.Kohran sum , Ama ringtuhaiin Thlarau Thienghlim inhriettirna a Pathien ram lienpeina ding ti a thahnemngaitaka anfak an dawn le an thuom le bil sik sika an thawkhawm sa lo sukbuoitu le fahmangtu Kohran Upa / Kohran Thuoitu eini chun vawisun chena ei hringna hla a ala um hi Pathien zangaina tawpkhawk ani.Ei Pathien hi Phuba lahlaktu ani bawk leiin ‘ Ti ‘ ruokchu a um hle ani .Kohran sum takngiel khawm ei inza zo tanaw lei hin Pawl hieng VC, ‘HSA’, Party le khawtlang sumhai lem chu indiktaka vawng kha a harsa pei ta niin an lang.

Sungkuo tinin ei khawsakna dinga sum le pai ei zawngna kawnga khawm hin indiktaka chan nek chun indiknaw deuhleka hlawkna a um thei ding chun ei in tel rin tanaw pei bawk niin an lang. Indiknaw taka ei thaw a ei hmu khawm kha sungkuoin a hang thatpui luoi thei ding law law nisien chu indiknaw seng senga a zietak la um khawmin ka hriet hlak. Pathien thu le Thlarau Thienghlim sinthaw eiti tak khawm hi lam amani, hlasak inhnik le Pathien thu hril rakrak tiengpang hin ei fepui nasa deu hlek a. Hienghai neka inbul lem Indikna , Ringumna , Taimakna le Hmangaina hai hi ei tlasam si chun ei Pathien thu khan ei hringnun a umzie nei tak takin sin a thaw thei ngai naw alo nilem hlak. Chuleiin Indikna , Ringumna , Taimakna le Hmangaina hai hi kunghmui chela chel el khan Thlarau Thienghlim thangpuinain thildang hi chu ‘automatic’ a hung um lem ding niin ka hriet.

5 ) Thil tlo le det ei ngaisak naw deu : Hmar khuo tamtak ei en chun a kawl le kieng hnamdanghai le inhlat bek bek raklovin eiin umpawl nawk vawng hlak a .Hilai khuo a hin tuam a um hmasa tiin hang sui inla ei pi le puhai kha a um hmasatak anni naw khawmin a hmasa pawl anlo ni hlak. Chuong nisiin huon lo ram, leilet tha le a ram remchang lai lai a reng deurthawin hnam danghai ta ani a, eini chu a kila rem le remnaw in ei khawsa hlak ani. Hihi a san lientak pakhat chu ei pi le puhai khan thil la hung tangkai / tlo / det kha anlo ngaituop tlawm deu ani. Ei thlatuhai dem rak khan umzie anei naw vieu laiin vawisuna thangthar Hmarhai hin thil tlo /det kha ei la ngaisak naw pei niin an lang.

Eini laia sum intel thadeu hlek hai khawm hin khawpuia inhmun, sumdawngna ding motor , huon lo ram, leilet , nauhai lekha inchukna a sum hmang nek chun invak meimei na , ruoi the, insuk milien, nuhmei pasal nun chenna le zu le sa etc. a haihin sum ei khawral nuom bik deu hlek niin ka hriet.

6 ) Ei fakzawngna a hmasawn atul : Hmar thingtlang khuo a hai hin papui tamtak, lekha inchuk sang le inchuk sangnaw le , ngaidan thing le inhnuoi deu deu nei eila tam.A ram sin amani ramhnuoi a va huot tuntun chi hai po ei thawding awm taka ngai a , tlawmte a khawl thil iemani deu hlek hai a kawr le vaihai chan ding deuva siena eila nei hi peihawn a hun tah. Ei rengin lekha inchuk sangin Officer, Sawrkar thangna nei vawng eiti tina ani nawh. Ei mipui tamdan a inkhi hin hieng Puonthui, Driver, Mistiri, Motor mechanic, TV / Radio / Sana / Tape etc.siem tihai le a dang dang a hin ei thahnem naw hle a , mi hnam hai thawding deuva ei sie lei hi nitakin ka hriet. Tulai Sawrkar sin hung vang peia lem hin chu hieng tiengpang hi uor inla, hausakpui ler lur ding a um naw khawmin lungril nei deu hlek tading lem chun khawsakthei na vawng anni ti kha ei hrietzing ka nuom.

Ran khawm hi tlawmte te hin ei vai seng a , a khawsathei deu haiin sinpui deu hleka neia, hang vai tam deu hlek a, khawsakna hang suksang pei tum khawm hi ei tam bekin ka hriet nawh.

7 ) Lungril bulbal neilo ei tam : Hmarhai laihin lungril bulbal mumal tak , tum renrawn nei ei tam naw hlein ka hriet hlak.Ruolhaiin an keipharna tieng tieng a inhem ve meimei, ruol an suoldeu le suol deu, ruol an tha deu le tha deu hnam dang hai laikhawm hin an um tho khawmin eini laihin ei tam zuol bik deu niin ka hriet. Thangthar lekha inchuklai amani loneimi , iengang sinthaw mi khawmin tum renrawn insawn meimei loding einei kha ei hlawtlingna ding bul ani ti kha ei hriet ka nuom nawk zuol.

8 ) Aisanthiem, dawihiem sawr eirin naw : Ei thil inhmang zawng ding dam, natna khir deu eituok chang dam hin dawithiem, aisanthiem ruoi ei ching ta vieu niin an lang a. Ei Pathien thu le inkal ti hrezing si a , Kohran upa dam, Kohran thuoitu danghai dam a ruoi hrat hrat ei um ta niin an lang a , a pawi tak meu ani.Thuthlung hluia Israel ram tluksiet ding vel laia an umdan le vawisuna ei umdan hi a danglam naw vieu el thei ani. Ringtu inti siin Pathien malsawmtlakin ei hring am tihi inngaituo nawn nawk ei tiu.

(E) INDIN THAR NAWK EITIU : Khi a chunga ei thilziek a inthawk khin Hmar nauhaiin hma ei sawnna dinga ei thaw ngei ngei ngai dam, ei bansan ngei ngei ding chi dam ei ziek teu ta a. A ziek le a hril an hawi ruol hin a taktak in thlungtir chu thil harsatak ani el baka daltu tamtak a um hlak ti kha ei hriet bawk ani.

Khuo pakhat a hin Hmar papui pakhat hi a um a, sungkuo chawmna dingin a ni hisapin (daily rate) an hlawfa hlak a .Inhlawna ding a hmu nawni chun an sungkuo chu bunghei a ngai pei deuthaw ani.Ama chu taima emem le a sinthawna a inpe zo emem mi ania , sungkuo khawsakna hang suk changkang le hma hang sawn khawm hi a chak thei vieu a. An sungkuo khawsak hma hang sawnna dingin huon hang siem hai khawm hi a nuom hlak a, amiruokchu thlai ching huna hin thlai chi manding takngiel khawm anei ngai naw ani.Kum a hung invawia , a kumnawk khawm chun inhlawfak bawkin bul a tan a , inhlawfak in kum a suo nawk hlak ani. A suol lei le a felnaw lei khawm nibik chuong lovin a huntaka hma hang lak na dingin ‘ Capital’ anei ngang naw ani.

Hmarhai ei in suk changkang a , hma eisawn vieu amani ei tilai hin ei hnampui hai mi iengzat tak am, a biktakin thingtlang khuo a hai, a chung a papui pakhat chanchin ei ziek ang hi an um ding? Ngaituo chieng ngam khawm ani nawh.Khi a chunga ei bansan ding le ei thaw ding ei ziekhai khin a chanchin ei ziek papui pa hi a tuomdam zo am ? A tuomdam zo naw el thei ani.

Ei hnampui hai hunsawttaka inthawka retheina khura intangmek hai hin thu tha taktak le sermon ropui tak tak hi an mamaw zawng ni kher naw ni. Tu kuom a khawm pawisa a thlawna in thangpui tawp hi ka hril mawi ngai nawh. A thlawn tawpa sum le pai le thil tha ei dawng hi ei hmang tangkai ngai meu naw a, inrimna le harsatna thanglova ei lamsuok tangkai raklova eiin luongral tir mei mei hlak hi mihriem mizie ani ve hrim hrim.Mi hnamhai khawm an bang chuongin ka hrietnawh.

Chuleiin ei mipui hai hin a hunlai tak ( entirna ‘n ; thlai chi thlak hun laitak) a a pung rate mumal deu hlek a ( entirna’n : Bank haiin mi pawisa an inpuktirna rate pangngai ) pawisa inpuktirtu hi an mamaw niin ka hriet. Chu ding chun Bangladesh a Chittagong University economics Professor nihlak Mohammed Yunus a kutsuok Bangladesh Grameen Bank hai thil thawdan ( Model ) hin ka lungril ngaituona a lak hle ani.

Ei thuziek a sei taluo nawna dingin Grameen Bank chanchin chu tawite chauvin hang hril tum inla.Bangladesh a mirethei tawpkhawk hai ( sungkuo nu anni deu tak) kha pawisa tlawmte te ( cheng sangthum le sangnga inkar ) inpuktir anni a ( micro – credit). Chu an pawisa puk chu insungin sumdawngna chite te (entirna’n : ar vai,varak vai etc) le thlai chi mana hmangin a sukpung dan an zawng a.An rethei vieu leiin hang sie kham ding ( mortgage) iengkhawm annei naw a. An pawisa puk chu sungkuo nu sawm vel pei a a group a insiemin an inhrietpui tawl a, nupui sawm ruol velin an hrietpuina tak kha a guarantee laitak chu ani el a . Iengleiin amani mi pakhat khan lo rul thei tanaw sien an thei angang a in rul pui dingin an intiemkam bawk a . An hang tantir chun mi tamtakin an pawisa sem kha an hmukir an ring naw baka a scheme hrimhrim kha a hlawtling an ringnaw khawp el a. Amiruokchu , vawisun hin a hlawtling zie khawvela an thangsuok ta a, za peia sawmkuo panga neka tamin an pawisa bat hai ( Bank rate pangngai a a pung thangsain ) an rul vawng baka mi maktaduoi telin an sawrta a , retheina khurpui a inthawka inlaksuokna hmangruo in an lo hmang ta ani. A thil thaw that khawvelin a hriet leiin Mohammed Yunus chun Kum 2006 Nobel Peace Price a lo dawng ta hiel ani kha.

Bangladesh a ringnawtu hai laia scheme hlawtlingtak hi ei ram ringtu za a za laihin a hlawtling ei ring am? Rul thei si rulnuom lo lui chu a ruoltha sawm velzet laia a tuitla tanaw ding baka tangka tlawmte leikhan a hming suksietin um ata, kha Bank a inthawk khan pawisa puk thei ta bawk ngai naw ni. Midangin iengang khawmin ngai haisienla kei chun ei rama khawm ala hlawtling theiin ka ring tlat ani. Le , tuinam bul atan ding ? Chu Bank a chun mi puk dingin tuin am pawisa a deposit ding? Hmar Grameen Bank / Hmar Rural Bank / Hmar People’s Bank /Hmar Community Bank / Hmar Mipui Bank – a hming chu iengtapo khawm nisien hawng dingin tuin am ke pen a ta ?

Ke pen tuding awma inlang hai :1) Bank dan le dun , a policy ding le a Bank in zawmpui ding, Reserve Bank of India a inthawka Licence lo buoipuitu dingin Delhi a ei mithiemhai (pensioner, sawrkar sinthaw le lekha inchukmek hai) . 2) Initial Capital chu eini laia sawrkar thangna nei le mi tlawmte a a khawsakna pangngai deu le ei Kohranhai a inthawk hin eithei angin deposit lakkhawm tum eitih. 3) Puktu le thawktu :- Sum tlingkhawm sa puktu ding le a thawktu ding tiengpang kha chu buoina umrak dingin ka ring nawh.

Ei hril tasa ang khan sum puktu ding khawm hi a nuom nuom le an chu hrat hrat in an puk theiin ei siem chun tha kher naw nih.Insung pakhata sawrkar thawktu um lo, eini laia khawm a sungkuo rethei bik, thosuokna lampui um lo ani ngei ding ani. Chubaka, ar vai, vawkvai, thlai chi man , huon a hun taka thlona man ding etc. scheme mumaltak a puktu ding khan anei phawt ding ani. Chu thil chu Bank thawktuin endik phawt ata, pawisa sanction tak tak chu depositor le shareholder haiin ei thlangsuok Managing Board anni ding ani. A hlawtling thei taktak ei ring am ? Pathien condemn hnam eini bik naw leiin kei chu a hlawtling thei ngei hi ka ring tlat ani.

Eimi le sa ,ei hnampui, Hmarnau kani intihai mi iemani zatin hi khawvel damsung tawite, rethei bakbera eihmang liem hlakna ngirhmuna inthawka ei intalsuok thei a, mi hnam hai anga khawsak pangngai ve deuva ei khawsak vena ni ding hi nghakhla a um ta khawp el a. Pathienin rem ati a, khawvel la umpei a, eidam ala sawt le , hi ei suongtuona hi ala puitling el thei ani.Thawthei dang einei naw khawmin ei umna hmun senga ei ring Pathien kuoma hieng ang ni hung inhersuok dingin tawngtaina einei hlak ei beiseiin ei infiel ni raw se.