Insuikhawmna Chabi

Ziektu: Timothy Z. Zote,Saikawt, Vengtang,Churachandpur

Organised by: Hnam Integration Steering Committee

Submitted to:Mr. Sangremsiama, B. Street, Rengkai,Churachandpur

On 30^th November, 2011

Contents

1. Thupui Hawngna 1

2. Vawisuna Hmar Ngirhmun 1

3. Hmar |awng 2

4. Hmar hnam sunga pahnam \awng

dang dang a hung pieng d^n 2

5. Hmar Pahnam In\he D^n Hai 3

6. ‘Iem a na’ ti tawng hi mani tawngpui

taka hmang a ni thei nawk dan ding 4

7. Hnam Natnahai 5

8. Hnam Damna Dinga Ngaihai 7

9. Thukharna 8

(4956 words as recorded by Computer)

INSUIKHAWMNA CHABI

10. Thupui Hawngna

Iem A Na” ti hi Manmasi nau Hmar \awnga inthawka l^k suok a ni a, Hmar ti hming a hung put dan hi hril dan tam tak a um bawk a, chuleiin pakhat suklang \haa hriet leiin hei suklang ei tih.

Nuhmei Megazine Editorial Board buotsai seminar December 10, 2004, khan ‘Hmar |obul Seminar’ti thupui hmangin Young Learner School, Rengkai Road-ah nei a ni a, chu taka an thutlukna chu:

(1) Hmar “ti hnam hming hung piengna chu tukhnungkhura sam intawm TUKBEMSAWM thaw chu HMARH ti thumala inthawka lak suok a nih ti kan pawm. Tukhnungkhura sam intawm tukbemsawm thaw ta phawt chu HMAR an nih ti hi seminar thutlukna a nih.

(2) Mizo hnathlak hnam dang dang hai hung suokna khuo, hmun chu Sinlung a nih ti kan pawm a, chu umna hmun chu Szewchuan Province sung, Central china ram a nih ti kan pawm bawk” tiin thu an suktluk.

(3) G.A. Gierson –in 1904 kuma an suo Linguuistic Survun ey of india part III Vol. VIII a chun Chin mi Halkha le Falamhai chun an kawl le kienga um Lusei le hnam dang danghai chu MHAR tiin a ziek a. Pu Buonga’n Hmar a hrilfiena dan leh an zul chie ti an pawm bawk.

Hi lekha ziektu ngei khawm hin Champhaiah vawihni 2006 le 2008 khan research thawa Champhai (Chawnsim) , Mizoama a hang inzin \um khawminZotlang le Zote khuoa mi hlui le upa deu deu Varte le Tlawmte putar kum 80 bawr vel ding kan pawlpui tawl a, an ni chun Hmar niin an lo inhriet em em a, chuonghai chu an pi le pua inthawka lo um tah an ni a, an ni chun “Hmar thlah kan ni a, Hmar ah pawh Lawitlang kan ni a, a \hen chun Hrangchal “ an lo in ti tlat. Hi hin Hmar hi Mizoram Chmphaia inthawka Hmar tienga pan leia Hmar inti chu an ni nawh ti a sukchieng hlein an lang. Manipur Hmar le Sinlung Hills haiin Hmar in ni e, lo in ti Hmar ro, tiin Missionary sin an thaw hriet ding hlak um lo, Hmar thlah kan nih an ti thei tlat nasan kha an hnu takah Mizoram lut hma inthawka Hmar hming hi lo put ei lo ni tah ti hriet ding a nih.

11. Vawisuna Hmar Ngirhmun:

Hmar hnam hi kum iengzam ni tang a ta? Hmar hnam sunga chi hai hi Hmar ti hming nekin upa lem an ti? Europe lai khawm Zote family inti khawm an um a, Hmar chi kau peng dang dang khawm an umn nuol bawk. (Internet google-ah) A kum le intanna hmun hriet char ni naw sien khawm Hmar hming pakhata lungawi thei hieng pahnam hming : Darngawn, Thiek, Zote, Lungtau, Faihriem, Khawbung, Pakhuong,Lawitlang, Ngurte, Changsan, Leiri, etc. le pahnam hminga lung sukawia kuo hran suot ta mek hieng : Hrangkhawl, Biete, Darlawng, Sakechep, Kom, Bawm, Aimuol, Anal etc.

Hmar ti hming India rama a ngirhmun ni a inlang chu, India Danpui, Shedule Tribe order 1950 hnuoia a Assam -a hnam chenghai inziekna list ah a lo chuong ta a, Hmar hnam recognised chu Ministry of Home Affairs Order no. 316 (A) hmangin october 1956 khan ziek le puong a lo ni tah. (Hmar Arsi, HSA, Souvinir 2005, Shillong, page, 83)

12. Hmar |awng :

Hmar pahnam tin hai chunan ni pahnam \awng a hran an nei seng a. |hiek \awng a dang a, Biete \awng a dang a, Hrangkhawl, Darlawng , Aom, Chiru, Aimuol etc., chun Zote \awng khawm a thl<k a dang met hmana, amiruokchu, pahnam dang angina \awng lamkai chu a dang rawn nawh. Chuleiin a ieng tak hi’m Hmar \awng ni ta’ng a ta? ti thu a hin indawn ding le hril ding tam tak um a tih. A iengieng khawm lo nisien, tuita Hmar \awngtia ei hriet lar hi “Khawsak \awng” tia ko a ni hlak a. Hmar pahnam kaupeng popo hai \awng zakhat peia sawmnga pei inchawkpawl \awng a ni leiin pahnam pakhat el \awnga ni nawh. Hmar pahnam po po hai \awng tl^nglawn inthlung khawmna a nih.

Hieng ang dungzui hin hma a sawn em em a, July 15, 2002 ni a, Syndicate Manipur University in\hung chun HMAR MIL (India Modern Language) chu 2003–2004session –a inthawka hmang \an thei dingin a lo pawm ta hiel a nih. Hieng hun laia Chairman sin chel chu Pu Dr. Lalnghawrlien le Secretary sin chel chu Pu S.N. Ngurte an nih. (Manmasi year Book, Vol. II, Page, 147)

13. Hmar hnam sunga pahnam \awng dang dang a hung pieng d^n:

Hmar hnam sunga \awng chi tum tum hung inri suok hi asan tak chu, hei sui inril deu inla,Gen. 11 : 1 –na a khan “chun hnuoia mi po po hmunkhat an ni vawng a” tiin a lo inziek a. Chuongchun, BC 1688 v>l chun Babel In ins^ng b^wl tumin, “|eklei siem ei tiu, khawpui siem ei tiu, In ins^ng a s$pin v^n tawng dinginb^wlbawk ei tiu a, ei hming sukthang ei tiu a,chuong naw chun hnuoi chung popo hinsukdarin um rawi ei tih”an in tih a. Chun, Lalpa chu mihriem nau haiin khawpui le In ins^ng an siem v>l chu en dingin a zu \um a. Lalpa chun “ngaita u, mihai hi pumkhat an ni a, an rengin \awng hmunkhat an nei bawk si a; hi thil an thaw phut a ni hi, tuhin chu an thil thaw tum hrim hrim hi khap p>k ruol ni ta naw ni. Thaw ro, \awng an inhriettuo thei nawna dingin khu takah khun an\awng zu suktump>k ei tiu” a ta. Chuongchun, Lalpa chun anni chu, chu taka inthawk chun hnuoi chung po poa chun a sukdar tah. Chuongchun an khaw siem khawm chu an tawp san tah a.Chuleichun, a hming chu Babel an tih a. Lalpa’n chu taka chun hnuoia mi popo \awng chu a suktump>k ta leiin. Chu taka inthawk chun Lalpa’n anni chu hnuoi chung po poa chun a sukdar ta bawk a. ( Gen. 11: 7 – 9). Chu taka inthawk chun khawvel hmun tum tum chu a hrang hrangin an khawsa \an a, lungril inmil le thisen inzawm hai chu an khawsa tl^ng peia chu taka inthawk pei chun Hmar hnam khawm hung pieng ve pei a, China Sinlunga inthawk hung thlang tla peiin Burma (Myanmar) Shan ah hai hung khawsain f^k le d^wn zawngna ah harsatna nam>n lo an lo tuok hlak bawk a ni thu hla thu a, inhrilsawng peinaah khawm hriet dingin a la um.

Shan an hung m^ksan hnung hin Burma ram Thantl^ng le a sevelah Hmar haian khawsak lai hun hi inchiktl^k tak le (even) pawimaw tak a ni a. Asanchu, Pahnam hran hran hieng Kom ,Aimuol, Lamkang, Kolhren le adang dang hung in\he dar \anna hmun le hun a ni leiin. Pu Hranglien Songate khawm khan “Thantlang le a sevel lai hin pahnam dang dang a hung in\an a, chuonghai chu tuchen hin an pahnam hming dinga an ko hai chu an put sawng ta nghe nghe a nih” tiin a hril. (Hmar |olung by Louis L. Keivom, page, 69)

Thantlanga an um lai hin \umkhat chu Bu an ineia, a mimirin an hlim >m >m a. Z< le sa tieng an tlai hle a, an inrui hle hnung chun, an ni lai pakhat a hung ngir suok a, pen tliei tliei-in a lam ta a, a lam dan chu a danglamin an ruoldanghai a sukhlim hle a. Zu khawnthieng an siena bul lai chun inkang hlieu hlieu a, a lam par dar dar an hmu chun an ruolhai chun ama hi a l^m d^n an dang em leiin a hmingah Lamkangpa tiin, an ko ta rei ti’n a hming ah Lamkangpa ti’n an ko sawng ta a nih” a tih.

“A lamdan indang ta raw sen,

A hmingah Lamkangpa aw ti ta rei e” tiin,

an sak ruol \hiep \hiep el niin an hril. Chu taka inthawk chunama thla hai po chu Lamkang hai tiin an lo ko ta pei a, pahnam hming a hung ni sawngta a nih. Chun Lamkang hai hi Manipur an khawsa deu tak a nih.

Kom/ Kawm hi Lamkangpa a lam zo chun Neithawl thla chu a hung suok ve \eng\awng a, ama chun danglam takin a lam der der a, a bawk lai chun Rawdil/Hnangdil a kawm v^r tat a, a thilthaw a chun a danglamna tak a um leiin a hmingah Rawkawmpa tiin an ko sawng ta lem a nih. Kawm/Kom hai hi Manipur, Sagang Area-ah an bubit deu tak.

Hieng ang pei hin pahnam hming hrang hrang hai khawmin hming an hung put diet diet ta pei a. Khawvel khawsakna in\hang lien peiin ro inr>lna tieng khawm hma an sawn pei bawk. Chun, Reng hai neiin fel takin an khawsa a. Burmaa um lai hin Renglien Chawnhmang an lal lai, a biel sungah rengte dingin hienghai hi a thlang: Sim tieng Lersi, Hmar tieng Zingtho, a khawmalaiah Luopui hai an nih. Rengte laia inlar pawl tak chu Pu Luopui hi a ni a, ama hi an larna tak chu Khampat Bungpui phuntu a ni lei a ni a. Hriet dan peia chun Renglien hi Kawlphaia Hmar hai um lai hin reng hming thang pakuo laia thlangsuok phak ve nia hril a nih. R^l an hung nei ta zau zau a, r^lthuom \ha le burip taka um an ni naw leiin a \hen thlang an hung tla thla pei ta a nih.

Thil mak tak pakhat chu Hmar pi le pu hai hi Burmaa sakhuo lien tak Budhism khawmin a tawk buoi naw a, an sakhuo naw chu an biek nuom naw tlat. Hi lekha ziektu ngei khawma a sui dan pakhat a chu an hung thlang tlak hi an Economy, Power (administration), religious (sakhuona) le Hmelma leia hung thlang tla pei an ni el di’m? ti chu a ngaidan pakhat a ni bawk.

Kabaw Valley le Khampata an cheng hun hi 400 AD inkar v>l nia ring a ni bawk. (Valley /Tlangin an huol phairuom). Hi zo sawt nawte hnung AD 1203 velin a \henin |ieu an pan mek a. A thenin Mizoram an pan mek bawk niin hriet a nih.

Hmar hai chu thla muong taka an um zing lai chun r^l ruk an hung nei ta zau zau pei a, chuong chun thlang an hung tla ta met met pei a. Pahnam hnamin an hung thlang tla a, f^kzawng awlna ding le khawsak inhawina ding awma an ngai ahan hung inbengbel ta pei a. Manipur ah 1500 vel khan Manipur-ah Hmar an lut a, Asom ah 1600 – 1970, Tripura 1600 – 1970 v>l khan an lo lut \an ta bawk. Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Khaddum le a dang dangah 1945 khan Hmar khuo s^t a ni ta bawk a. Hieng ang pei hin North East State hmun hrang hrang, Asom, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Mehalaya ah Hmar um nawna a um ta nawh.

14. Hmar Pahnam In\he D^n Hai

Hmar pahnama in\he nasan tak pakhat chu tlang le muol tin hr<tin khawsak r>lin hun le ni an lo hmang lei a ni a. Administration \ha tak le hr^t taka umhmun khuor dingin Sawrkar tha hratna hmangna ding belbul an lo nei nawh a, an cheng b<m ta naw a, a \hen an sir le vela hnam haiin an lo r<n a. Chuongchun, Burma-a inthawkin Mizoram, Lushai Hills an hung pan a, Mizorama inthawkin Manipur South tieng Kum zabi 16 lai khan thlang an lo tla ngei a nih ti My Experience in Manipur & Naga Hills ziektu Pu Col. J. Johnson chun a lo suklang. Hieng ang pei hin pahnam hnamin an him theina ding zawngin inhumhimna ding an zawng a, a \hen chun laibung insiemin r^l do tl^ngin khaw tlawmte infin khawmin an \hang khawm hlak bawk.

Tlang le muol hran hran an b>l tawl ta leiin Hmar ti hming puta insuikhawmna a um ta naw leiin Burma-a Renglien hnuoia an um angin, Mizoram an hung lut hnung hin mi inza le mi ngaisang an hlaw thei ta naw a nih. Khaw hran hran an cheng ta a. Inhrietpawna \ha a um ta naw lei in harsatna tamtak an tuok hlak a. Tulai anga Kohran Pawl le HSA, HYA Conference, Hmar Literature a la um bawk naw leiin an umna tlang \awng (pahnam \awng) bik kha a hung inlar ta pei a, chu \awng chu tu chen hin sawm hring zingin a um ta pei a. |awngin ramri a khang \an a, thl>k dan le Culture khawm tlawmte te a hung indang \an a, pahnam kaupeng hmingin um diet diet a, ei lan hnai hle ti hri inla khawm, inhmu an khat ta leiin inn>l nawnain hmun a hluo lien ta em em a. Ngaituona a fe sei ta a, Hmar pahnam ti chen khawm nuom ta lovin Hnam anga hring khawsuok chen an hung nuom ta lem chu a ni hi. Asan lien tak chu Economy \hat tawk naw lei le, sawrkar thlungpui inzawmpui lo va mani ning ninga ei lo um sawt taluo lei, mi le buoi neka tlansiet nuomna lungril nei lei, Social reformer \ha ei nei naw lei, Sakhuona tieng chaua lungril pek leia thil dang iengma lova ngaina a lo um lei, mani hmasielnain hmun a lo hluo lien lei le adang dang khawm intum ding um a tih. Hieng hai lei hin tu taka Hmar hai ngirhmun khawm hi a darthlalang indik tak la niin an lang bawk.

Hi a chunga hril kh>lah hin thil dang rak in\hena a um hriet a ni naw a, History thlir khawmin, tulai anga politics le Kohran um khawm la ni lolaia in\he ta kha ei lo ni tawl a, ngaituo kir chun tienlaia ei pi le pu hai \hang 3/5 vel chau liema lo in \he kha ei ni ring a nih.

October 9, 2011 khan Sagang area-ah research thawin ka fenaah chun Kom papui pakhat kan pawlpuinaah chun Kom upat dan an suinaah chun \hang thum vel chaua upa an ni thu a hril. Chuong ang bawk chun tuita Hmar pahnam kaupeng Kom, Hrangkhawl, Biete, Aimuol etc. \awng le Culture-a hai hi enin ei in\hena hi a la sawt naw hle ti hriet thei a nih.

15. ‘Iem a na’ ti tawng hi mani tawngpui taka hmang a ni thei nawk dan ding:

|awng hi a pawimaw leia hmang a ni a, a mawi leia inch<k el khawm a ni chuong nawh. Chuong n>k hmanin f^k zawngna, sum dawngna, bazarna, sinhmuna haia pawimaw a ni hi \awng sukhmasawnna dinga pawimaw tak chu a ni a. ‘Iem a na’ ti tawng thiem leiin IAS an ziek kai, Zirtirtu sin a hmuh, Officer sin a hmuh, lekhabu ziek thiem leiin Millionaire a kai, MLA Session hall ah Hmar \awng hmangawi, Radio Programme -ah Hmar Host Language ni sien, Cable –ah Hmar Chanchin thar le Programme tam, Hmar chanchinbu tam sien, hieng ang inelna le ‘iem a na’ ti \awng hin hmun pawimaw hluo sien, lo thei lovin inch<k ning a ta. Thiem naw hai chu ngirdawk nawng an ta, zengna chikhat an nei tina ning a tih.

|awng hmang l^r le \awng inzapui lo, mani\awng a ni phawt chun Music, written (rimawi le ziek) reng reng inchawk le tiem uor nisien. Inelna ins^ng tak tak, lawmman insang tak tak lukhawng nei khawp siem ni hlak sien, hla saktu khawma thiem taka a sak el b^kah, quality nei tumin thaw sien. Ziektu khawma uluk tak le dils<t taka ziekin khawvela ei um sunga ro ding a nih ti hrein hun tam lem khawm pe ngam ta’ng a tih.

Hmar pahnam hrang hranghai hi inpawlpuina le inbiekpuina nei puia, unau ei nina hril hriet a, an hriet tawk ta maw ti pha’t \awng pakhat hmang dan ding khawm hrilsa ni sien. Hnam khat ei nih ti an hriet ta si chun, a tam lem hmang le z^wm tuita Hmar \awng hi ei la hmang tlang thei nawk el ring a um. Chu hun chu ka va nghak hla ngei de!

Hienglai zing hin ram pakhat neia um, tekhinain District/State pakhata umkhawm vawng ni inla, chu chun Hmar pahnam a tam tak ni inla chu chun awlsam bawk a tih.

16. Hnam Natnahai:

1. Hnam ti hin Hmar hnama ins^l Manmasi thisena inthlas^wng pei hai tina a nih. Hmar hnam natna hi mihriem natna ang chu a ni naw a. Hnam natnahai hril seng a ni ring a um nawh a. Hmar hnam sunga pawl hminga hnamin natna a suklang hriet pakhat chu, Mizo Union 1946, April 6, khan Mizoramah indin \anin a lo um a. President hmasa tak chu Pu Pachhunga Hmar a ni nghe nghe. Hi pawl hi hung in\hang lien peiin Mizoram huom sung chau ni lovin Manipur simthlang (Hmar Ram), Ruonglevaisuo chen a hung kang hmat ta pei a. Chuongchun Mizo unau hai leh chun nawr in angin ram khata um tlang ding le cheng tlang dingin thang nasa takin an l^k ta a. Hienga hma nasa taka an l^k leiin Manipur tieng khawm ri a na ta hle a, Tuithaphai le a dang dang khawm Mizo union boruok chun a k^ngzap ta vawng el a.

2. Manipur tieng a ri a nat em ta lei chun Manipur Reng P.B. Singh khawm a um \awk \awk thei bik ta nawh a. February 4, 1949 khan Hmar biel tieng Pu P.B. Singh chu an zin ta a.

“P.B. Singh a hung inzin,

Assam Rifle a hung thuoi,

Union haiin an lo \i a,

Bufai le belte chawiin,

Tuikhur mawng tieng an tlan, tiin hlain an phuok.

Chuongchun, Senvawn a hung lut tum ta a, mipui chu lampuiah an lo z^l a, Sipai a thuoihai chun an kei tho a, an kei tho hmasa sa hai chun an lo tl^n khal nawk pei a. Nasa taka dodalna an thaw hnung khawm chun, an dang zo ta thl^wt naw leiin Senvawn chu a hung l<t ta hr^m a. Mizo Union \huoitu hai inbiekpui a tum ta a. Mipui hmaa inbiek pui dingin thu an sukthl^k ta a, Pu L.Tawna chun hienghin mipui hmaah chun a hril ta a “ Hmar Regional Council p>ng ka cheu a ti chun, keiin, ieng sawrkar hnuoi am? ting ka ta, Manipur sawrkar hnuoiah a ti chun, Khuongpuin khuong vawithum vuong a ta, mipui popo mani in tieng ei \insan nghal ding a nih” a tih a. Chuong ang tak chun mipui hai chu Union \huoituhai chun an lo inch<ktir ta vawng a. Mipui hmaah chun Pu P.B. Singh chun “ Mizo Union, Aizawl, politics Manipur ramri vaitan tuma thil thawtu hai hi zawm naw unla, in zawmnaw ding a ni phawt chun Vawisun hin Hmar Regional Council ka p>k nghal cheu ni raw seh. In hotuhai Imphalah hung hai sienla, sukfel vawng nghal ning a tih” a ta. A thu hril lai zing chun Pu L. Tawna-in indawnna a siem ta a. Pu Regional Council I mi p>k chu ieng sawrkar hnuoi am um a ta? a hei ti a. P.B. Singh chun a dawn ta a, “Manipur sawrkar hnuoiah um a tih” a hei ti a. Chuonga a hei ti char chun Pu Santen Tawna, khuongpu chun Khuongpui vawithum a hei vuok dum dum a, mipui an \in hum hum el ta a. Mizo Union lei chun Regional chu Manipur Hmar hai chun an lo ch^n ta a nih. A san pakhat nawk chu\huoitu haiin an lo ngaituo sei naw lei am a nih? Dr. H. T. Sanglien, Ex. MP chun “State tin hi policy hran fel takin neiin hma lak ni sien. State puotieng hi chu insukbuoi ta naw inla thil \ha a ra suok lem a ring thu” hi lekha ziektu kuomah hin a hril hiel a nih.

3. 1952 chun State Re-organized sirsanin Assam hnuoiah Mizo District a hung pieng ta a, ‘Tuivaiin kual khung mahse’ ti a, ring zo tak le beisei taka an lo nghak chu a hung hlawsam nawk ta pei a, Manipur Hmar hai chu \apin an an inr<m a, na antiin,an bei a dawng em em. Hieng anga harsatna hnamin a hung tuok ta phing hin 1959 hin Hmar National Union (HNU) hmingin Pu Ruolneikhum Pakhuongte, Gen. Secretary, a ni lai chun Hmar District demand-in centre-ah memorundam an lo submit ta bawk a. Hi taka hin Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, Tripura, a huop vawng. (Aw kan Hmar ram by Hmingchunghnung, Page, 30- 38).

4. A chunga Mizo Union (MU) le Mizo National Front(MNF) - in Hmar hnam an suklungnatna hin thil tam tak k^kh^wk a nei a, chuonghai chu hril seng ni naw nih. Political Party hr^t tak tak Hmar National Union le Hmar People Convention, Mizoram hai dam a lo pieng pha ta bawk.

5. 1960 laia unau Kuki le inhriethiem nawna um leia buoina khan hnam lungril a na em em bawk a nih.

6. HPC Movement hrat taka a hung infawn v>l lai 1990s laia Pu Ngurdinglien, Minister nilai zing, Biekin –a mawi lo taka that a ninaah khan hnam mipui vantlang chun a thawtuhai kha thiem an inchang naw deu a, chuleiin hnam mipui lung a sukna hle bawk.

7. 1990s tawp tienga Pu H.A. Lalrohlu, Editor, Shan Daily, nunrawng taka Saikawt Cannal lai kaplum an ninaah khawm hnam lungril chu a sukna hle bawk.

8. Kum 2003 laia NC Hills –a Hmar le Dimasa buoina chungchangah hnam lungril a beidawng hle bawk.

9. Kum 2005 khan Parbung le Lungthulien khuoah UNLF (Underground) Hmar nunghak suollui an ninaah khan hnam lungril a naem em bawk.

10. Social: Hmar society chun hma hung sawn peiin, Social organisation tieng khawm a hung pieng thar pei a. Hieng Hmar Students’ Association, (HSA 1939), An dinna a sawt ta em em a, a upa ta hle bawk a. Amiruokchu tulai hin Inchuklai le nu le pa tam tak chu a suklungawi ta naw hlein an lang. Asan chu, a thaw ding awm le beisei ang a thaw naw lei a nih. Inchuklai inzawmkhawm pawl a ni angin inchukna sukhmasawnna tieng a hming HSA hin a awm tawk a thaw nawh ti chu mipui khawma an hriet a, chier ri khawm tam tak hriet ding a um. Hmar Youth Association, (HYA 1985), hi pawl khawm hi Philantropic Organisation a ni angin nasa takin hma a lak a, hnam ta ding khawmin a tangkai hle. Amiruokchu, |huioitu \henkhat lo inveng zo naw lei amani ding, Election party ah inrawl ang vang vanga hril a hung um ta pei a, chuleiin mipui chun beiseina insang tak nei a, an thlir zing chu an ngaidan a kh>l deu ta leiin mipui lungril a sukna hle a nih.

11. Kohran: Kohran tamtaluo le hotu inchuna inth<k tak a um leia kohran dang dang a pieng ta leiin inthuruolnawna tam tak a siem pha nia hriet leiin mipui an lungril a na em em a nih.

17. Hnam Damna Dinga Ngaihai:

1. Sakhuona tukvera inthawk chun lungril inngaitlawm taka remna le muongna siemtu ni tum zing a, huoisen taka Pathien r^lthuom tl^wmna le indikna kengkaw ngam tlat a \ul, hnam damna dingin.

2. Politics tukvera inthawk chun ngaituona inthuk tak seng a, party thlir a, sawrkarna chel dinga ringparty ticket chang thei ding le hnam lungril indik tak nei thlang tling tum ding. Chun sawrkarna chel thei ding party ticket chang sien khawm a mihriemin a zir si naw chuna dang a \ha dang thlang lem el ding a nih, hnam damna dingin.

3. State tum tumin hnam policy \ha tak nei tum seng a \ha a, state puotieng chu thisena unau ni inlakhawm ram leilungin ramri khang a ni leiin inzatuoa policy hai inthlawp lem ding. Chuong ni lo va inrawl a, insukbuoi lo ding, hnam damna dingin.

4. Inchuklai tukvera chun hnam lungril neia lekha inch<k a \ul a, hnam santu dinga thiemna varna, hrietna, insangna hai hmang \angkai thei dinga ngaituona inth<k tak neia hnam thuhtlung in\he darna dodala insuikhawmna Chabi chawi tlat a, a hawng huna hawng pei thei dingin Kristien Baptistma chang angin thuthlunga Baptistma chang ngei a \ul, hnam damna dingin.

5. Kohran mipui tukvera inthawka thlir chun inthlirna suklang lo ding, suklanga um chu dem ding. Ringna indik lo petek chu invawi ngawi ngawia hril hriet tum tlat a, pawl ngaisangna \awngkam sak suok lo ding, hnam damna dingin.

6. Rawngbawltu khawma Pathien thu inzapui lova, huoisen tak le indikna thi ngama \an a, sum le pai ngais^ng lova Pathien thu tak le inmila nun hmang a \ul zie hrie a zawm tum tlat a \ul.

7. Sawrkar Administration tienga sin cheltuhai khawm, mani hnam \awng le hnam hai an hung chun a r<k taka lo lawml<t thiem a, \hangpui an \ulna ah thangpui d^n lampui lo zawng tlat a \ul, hnam damna dingin.

8. Hnam \huoitu hieng: Hmar Inpui,HYA,HSA,HWA etc. khawm hnam \huoitu an ni angin hnam History le culture, Customary Law chen khawm an hriet hle ding a nih. Hnam chanchin hi hriet a \ul leiin \huoitu thar pei hai ta dingin training hun siem p>k ngei ding a nih, hnam damna dingin.

9. Politician hai khawmin election politics chauah lungril pe lovin, a t>lpuia hnam \hat theina ding lampui thlira ngaiven tlat lem ding, hnam damna dingin.

10. Sumdawngtu le dawrtu hai ta ding khawmin m^ni hnam dawr a ni chun lo hla deu sien khawm pan \awk \awk ding, hnam damna dingin.

11. Rimawi khawvela hlasak thiem hai khawma thiem leia zawr rawn tum a, cassette siem a ni leia zawr rawn tum el lovin. Hnam cassette ieng hla khawm lo ni sien ngaipawimaw taka inch^wk tum hram ding. Cassette phalna boa copy hai hi thaw lo ding, hnam damna dingin.

12. Lekhabu hi a siemtu haiin hun le ngaituona tam tak senga an losawlpui a ni leiin intinin copy khat b>k nei tum tlat ding. Mi ta tiem lovin mani ta ngei tiem ding, hnam damna dingin.

13. Library & Museum, hlabu, lekhabu, cassette le thlalak, traditional clothes le adang dang hai sie\hatna hi State tin or District tin ah pakhat bek nei ding a nih, hnam damna dingin.

14. Culture mani hnam thl>k dan le hawiher, nunphung le inhme a, hnam l^m ei nei hai khawm naupang kum 10 hnuoi tieng an ni laia inthawkin inchuk thiem vawng dinga hma l^k ding,hnam puonhai bi le sil uor ding, hnam damna dingin.

15. Tlawmngaina ei hnam mi sukmawitu hi inthla lova chawis^ng zing ding, hnam damna dingin.

16. Chanchinbu, magazine, chanchin ph>k tiemtuhai le latu hai khawmin ngaipawimaw taka a man bat lova a hun taka lo pe pei dingin inbuotsai ding, hnam damna dingin.

17. Nuhmei hai khawmin ei hnam puon le darthlalang pakhat an nina humhima, hnam dang pasala nei lo va, mani hnam chau nei tumna nei ding. Sil le bilah khawm kekawr bun ngai nat n>kin mani hnam puon bi ngaisang ding, hnam damna dingin.

18. Thiempu hai (Pastor, Rev. &Upa) hai khawlai hmunah khawm inza ding, inzana thei ang anga suklang ding, hnam damna dingin.

19. Hnam sipai hai khawma an thil chawi suong el lo va an policy-in mipui an hmin am? ti ngaituo hmasa sien. Khawvel in\hanglien dan ang peiin intelligent tieng pang khawm \hangl^k a \ul. Mipui sukthlab^r zawng le sukbuoi zawnga um lo ding, hnam damna dingin.

20. Zu le inruithei thil hai hi nundan pangngaia nun khal thei nawna a ni leiin, hieng thil laka inthawka inveng him dan ding khawtlangin inhrilhrietna nei hlak ding, hnam damna dingin.

21. Hmar pahnam dang dang hieng Aimuol, Biete, Biete etc., hai kumtin vawi khat bek inkhawmna nei le Festival (Sikpuiruoi) hai khawm nei hlak ding, hnam damna dingin.

22. Mipui vantlang khawma hnam \huoitu le sawrkar ror>ltuhai inza ti lei a, \i lo ding. Thudik chu ienglai khawma khek pui ngam tlat ding. Ror>ltu insang lem a khawm ngirpui ngam ding.Hi le inzawm hin zieksa lo tam tak a um a, chuonghai chu, mipui vantlang bengvarna le hmathlir sei tak nei dinga beisei ei nih, hnam damna dingin.

“Hnam insuikhawm nawkna ni,

Duai ka sam takchang di’n,

Dawnkirin lunglaia aiang cham,

Hlim te a, lenglai hun,

Hmar pahnam tlangtin bawm e,

Khuonu’n tuorem nang e,

Darang tawng nawk ni ding.

Lunglaiah Chabi ang vawngin,

A hunah hawng nang e.

18. Thukharna:

Insuikhawmna hi ringtu lungril le inawm tak a ni hrim a, chulei chun Hnam anga hmal^kna a um hi lawm a um takzet a, hi insuikhawmna chabi essay competition hin ra \ha ei hnama an suo ngei ka beiseiin ka ditsakna kan hlan nghal bawk.

Lekhabu Rawnhai:

1. Hmar chronicles by Upa J. Batlien, Printed at Smartech Offset Printers, Rengkai, 2007

2. Manmasi Year Book Vol. I & II, 2005 and 2007 Edition, Edited by Timothy Z. Zote, printed at BCPW, Lamphelpat, Imphal.

3. Aw kan Hmar Ram by Hmingchunghnung, Printed at Kimboi Press, Hill Town, 1999.

4. Hmar pasal tha mihuoisen hmingthanghai chu by Dr. Z.Z. Lien, printed at David star Computer Centre. 2007.

5. Mizo chanchin by B. Lathangliana, Printed at RTM Press chhinga veng, Aizawl, 2009.

6. Hmar tobul seminar nei hmasa tak 2004 Compile by Nuhmei Megazine, printed at Diamond Offset, Lamka, 2005.

7. Mizo le Zoram Dairy AD 700 – 1998 by R.B Zairemmawia, printed at Rammuan Enterprise, Aizawl, 1999.

8. Lungpho Souvinir Tri centennial Jubilee 2010, printed at Gilzom Offset, Electrict Veng, Aizawl, 2010.

9. Hmar Arsi Souvinir, HSA, Golden jubillee, Printed at Shillong, 2005.

10. HSA Souvinir, Mizoram, Printed at LR Offset & Flex printing, aizawl, 2011.

11. Hmar Tolung by Louis L. Keivom, Printed at Eastern India Offset, Keishamthong, Imphal.

12. Seki Bu Suok by HSA Delhi, Printed at Rai’s Ad- venture Delhi, Delhi , 2007.

(TIMOTHY Z. ZOTE)

Ziektu,