Ziektu: Timothy Z. Zote, Tuithaphai Valley (23 November, 2012)
Hieng ang pei hin, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, Inner Line Regulation amani Inner Line Permit (ILP) tia hriet l^r hi inkeihruoina d^na din a kengkaw tlat a. Ch<ngchun, Kamrup, Darrang, Nowgong, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Garo Hills, Khasi and Jantia Hills, Naga Hills le Cachar hai khawm chu d^n hnuoiah chun, January 1, 1873-a inthawk khan si lut a ni a. Hill District t^rlang ta hai le Goalpara kha Governor- General-in Council awpna hnuoia um dingin Government of India Act of 1854 ah puong a lo ni tah. Kum 1874-a Assam, Bengal-a inthawk Chief Commissioner Province ni dinga indang khawm khan, Hill district pakuo tarlang tah a nih. Inner Line Regulation an la sawm sa pei a, ch<nglaizing chun, Inner Line Regulation tieng la hmang nawna Hill District hai, schedule District Act of 1874 an hmang thung.
Schedule District hi District hnufuol bik hai le d^n pangngaia la enkawl thei District hai hrilna a ni deu tak. Chuleiin, tlangmi le umna District hnufuol popo kha schedule District ni dingin , schedule District act 1874 ziek lang a \ul a nih
Doungel chun, “Assam rama biel hnufuol zuol hai sukchangkang theina ding a nih beiseiin, Asam Frontier Tract Regulation 1880 khan Chief Commissioner kuomah thuneina hi a p>k lien hle a. Chun, Government of India Act, 1951s (-1919) section 52 (2)-na Notification (Hriettirna) an suo angin, Governor- General-in Council ( Governor General le a thawk puihai) -in Backward Tract ( biel hnufuol) bika puong hai chu a hnuoia haia hi an nih
(1) Garo Hills District.
(2) Shillong thang lo va, British-in a awp- Khasi le Jantia Hills
(3) Mikir Hills
(4) North Cachar Hills
(5) Naga Hills
(6) Lushai Hills
(7) Sadiya Frontier Tract
(8) Balipara Frontier Tract
(9) Lakhimpur Frontier Tract.”
Simon Commision Report-a a t^rlang angin, kum 1930 khan India pumpuia Tribal (Tlnagmi) hai ch>ngna hnufuol b$k. (Backward Tribal Area) hai chu 1,20,000 sqr. Miles-a lien a ni a. Chu chun, Bihar, Orrisa, Punjab, Burma, Bengal le Assam rama tribal (tlangmi) chen a huom sa a nih. (9) Ibid. p, 160 Government of India Act 1935 ah khan Backward Track hai chu Excluded Area le Partially Excluded Area-a thl^k an ni a. Excluded Area umzie chu, Sawrk^r d^n pangngaia inthawka siehran amani, Provincial sawrk^r le Central sawrk^r d^n siem hai hmang thei lona hmun le Governor-in a hranpa-a a enkawlna hmun area-a mi hai an nih. Partially Excluded Area hai hi chu Province Sawrkar hnuoia um an ni a, Provincial Legislature ah hai palai an nei ve a, Excluded Area –a mi hai aia changk^ng deu lem an ni leiin, sawrkar d^n pangngai khawm iemani chen hmang thei a nih. Chun, province sawrk^r d^n siem hai chu Governor remtina \hang lovin Partially Excluded Area-ah hai a chelek thei nawh. Chu b^kah, a \ul d^n a zirin, Governor-in a discretionary power (province - sawrk^r rawn lo va, thuneina) a hmang thei bawk a nih. Ch<ngang peiin, Assam-a Hill District hai chu a hnuoia mi ang hin \hen an lo ni tah.
Excluded Areas:
(1) North East frontier Tract (Sadiya, Balipara le Lakhimpur)
(2) Naga Hills District
(3) Lushai Hills District
(4) North Cachar Hills.
Partially Excluded Areas:
(1) Garo Hills
(2) Mikir Hills
(3) Shillong thang lo va, British awp chen Khasi le Jantia Hills.
Lushai Hills kha kum 1891-a inthawkin British ror>lna hnuoia si a ni a. South Lushai Hills le North Lushai Hills-a \he an lo ni a. South Lushai Hill kha Bengal awpna hnuoia um a ni a. North Lushai Hills ruokchu, Assam hnuoiah a um ve thung. Sawrkar kalphung a mumal lem theina ding beiseiin, April 1, 1898 khan South Lushai Hills le North Lushai Hills hai chu fin a ni a. Assam Chief Commisioner ror>lna hnuoia sie a nih. Chun, August 28, 1930-a inthawk khan Luhsai Hills-ah Inner Line Regulation hmang \an a ni bawk. Government of India Act of 1935 in Excluded Area –ah a puong bawk a nih. Excluded area a ni leiin, Lushai Hills-in Assam Legislative Assembly-ah aiaw a nei naw a. Ch<ng a ni lei chun, Central Legislative Council ah khawm palai a nei ve nawh.Governor- General-in- Council (Governor general le a thawkpui roreltuhai) thu neina hnuoiah, Assam Governor-in a enkawl a nih. Kum 1941-a Lushai Hills hma tieng (future) ding hriltl^ngna nei a ni khan, Robert Erid khan chu Chittagong, Arakan, Chin, Hills le Assam –a district thenkhat fin a. North East frontier Province siem a lo rawt a. Lushai Hills Superintendent, MacDonal khawm chun, MacDonal scheme tiin, ruohmang nawk a ni a. Ruohmangna ang chun Defence chau hi Central sawrkar kuta um dingin ti a ni a. Chuleiin, hnamchawm aiaw 20 le Lai aiaw 20 \hangin, District conference an din a, nisienlakhawm Mizo union-in boycott (ensan) leiin, sin a thaw \ha thei mumal naw a nih
Ch<ngchun, sir, Stafford Crispan keihruoina hnuoia British Parliament –in Cabinet . Mission (Cabinet Minister ruol) chu 16 March,1946 ni khan thusuok siemin. Indian Constitution Assembly-in Constitution (inkeihruoina d^n) a siemna ah hin, Tribal (Tlangmi) hi ham\hatna ngaipawimawa an ham\hatna ding siem pek hram dingin an cha a. Cabinet Mission ngenna kha ngaipawimawin, Constitutional Rights, minorities and Tribal and Excluded Area an din ve a. Ballabhai Patel chu, hi taka Committee-ah hin, Chairman dingin ruot a ni a. Hi taka Committee-in a buoipui tak chu hnam tenau le hnam tlawm te, tlangmi le Excluded Area-a tlangmi chenghai ham\hatna ding le mimal tinhai democracy hmang \angkaia mimal zal>nna an hmang theina ding hi sukpuitling a tum b$k a nih. Hieng ang pei hin, Advisory Committee chun February 2, 1947 ni khan Sub Committee pathum an din a, ch<ng sub committee hai chu a hnuoia mihai hi an nih.
(1) North East Frontier (Assam) Tribal and Excluded Area Committee.
(2) North West Frontier Province and Baluchistan Tribal and Excluded area Committee.
(3) Excluded and partially Excluded Areas in Provinces other than Assam.
# Bordoloi Committee le Constituent Assembly-ah Sixth Schedule Pawm A Nih
Kum 1947, August 14 khan Muslim tamna rambung haiin, Pakistan ti a, zal>nna an hmu ruolin, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) le Balbuchistan kha Pakistan-in a huomsa leiin. North West Frontier Province and Baluchistan Tribal and Excluded Area khan umzie a nei ta naw a, Committee pahni chau an lo ni ta a nih. The North East Frontier (Assam) Tribal and Excluded area Committtee –a chairman chu Gopinath Bordoloi a ni a, member dang hai chu - Rup Nath Brahma, Rev. JJM Nichols Roy, A.V. Thakkar le Mayang Nokcha hai an nih. A committee hi Gopinath Bordoloi Chairmanna hnuoi a ni leiin, Bordoloi Committee tia hriet l^r a ni a. Mayang Nokcha hin Aliba Imti a thlak a, Aliba Imti hi Naga Hills-a inthawk a ni a. A.V.Thakkar hi Excluded and Partially excluded Areas (other than Assam sub committee) –a chairman a nih. Bordoloi Committtee hin Lushai Hills, North Cachar Hills, Mikir Hills le Naga Hills dam sirin Garo Hills le Khasi Hills-a Jowai Sub Division hai ruokchu khawsiet le infepawna a \hat naw leiin an va sir thei ta nawh a.
Chun, Lushai Hills an hung sir hun hi April 17th, 1947 ni kha a ni a. Khawtinkhuma le Ch. Saprawnga hai kha Co-opted member dinga ruot an lo ni a. Bordoloi Committte member hai chun Aizawl ah Mizo hnam aiaw chi hrang hrang hai sakhaw thuoitu politics hotu, Lal aiaw hai, Ex-Servicemen hai leh sawrkar sinthaw hai hmuin, ieng ang rorelna khawl am an dit? Central le state sawrkar-a palai nei le, ieng ang thuneina am an dit ti dam an indawn a; an ngaidan dam an inhriltir a. Mizo Union faction pahnih Dengthuama pawl le Pachhunga Hmar pawl hai khan Bordoloi Committee hai kha an inhmu pui ve ve a, Pawi- Lakher Region-a inthawk ruok chun, Bordoloi Committtee kuomah an ngaid^n le an nuom d^n intluntu ding an um ve ta naw a nih.
Ch<ngchun, Bordoloi Committee thil suina hai chu uluk takin an thl$r hnuin , Chairman Advisory Committee on fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Area kuomah July 28, 1947 khan an thel<t tah a nih. Advisory committee -in December 7, 1947 le February 24, 1948 khan an hriltl^ng a. Hi zo hin, drafting Committee khawmin kum 1948 s<ng bawk khan hriltl^ng nawkin, constitutional Adviser, B.N. Rao –in Schedule VIII naah a lo si ta chu, Chairman chun siemrem nawkin schedule parukna ah a si tah a nih. Draft schedule (D^n ziek ta sa) chu constituent Assembly President kuomah February 21, 1948 khan thel<t a ni a. 5, 6 le 7 September, 1949 s<ng khan constituent Assembly ah hriltl^ng a ni nawk a. a dit pawl le dit naw pawl k^rah ins>lna nasa tak a suok a. Rajeshwar Prasad (Bihar) le Assam-a inthawkin member Rohini Kumar Chauduri le Kuldhar Chaliha hai lem chun District Council ng$r ding hi an dit naw hle a, thei tawp insuon, titakzetin an kal a nih. Kulidhar chun District Council an dit naw hle thu a hrilna ah khawm Pakistan an lo siem suok ang char khan, Sixth Schedule hin Tribalisation hung siem suok a ta, chu chu ram inpumkhatnaa dingin \i a um vieu el thei, a ti nghe nghe a nih. Nisienlakhawm, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Gophinath Bordoloi, A.V.Thakkur, Jaipal Singh le Rev. JJM Nichols Roy hai chun nasa takin Sixth Schedule sukpuitling a \ul d^n, uor takin an hril ve thung. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chun hieng hin a hril, “ Assam ni lo hmun danga tlangmi (tribal) hai chun Hindu hai khawsak d^n leh an ang a, an nunphung le hnamziea hai khawm phaia mi hai leh an inz<l deu ta a. Assam-a tlangmi hai hi chu chungang chu an ni naw a, an ni le an ni hnamzie le nunphunga bawk bul an \an a nih” a tih.
Dr. Ambedkarin a hril peina-ah chun Assam-a tlangmi hai chu USA-a Red Indian hai leh a tekhi a, USA Constitution a hin Red Indian hai ramri siem p>kin, zal>n takin an umtir a nih. USA khuo le tui ni zing siin, zal>n takin an ni le an ni hnamzie, zierang le hnam d^n hai hmangin an inhumhal thei ve tlat a nih. Asan chu, an chetzie, khawsak dan le nunphung hai a danglam hle; sienkhawm, mingo hai d^n le mi ngo hai chunga ro an r>l angin, USA constitution –in a khuokhir nuom nawh a nih. Ch<ngang bawkin, District Council le Regional Council hai hi America rama Red Indian hai enkawl d^n ang a, enkawl theina dinga Assam-a tlangmi hai ta dinga induong bik a nih’ tiin Dr. Ambedkarin a hril nawk bawk a nih. Constituent Assembly-a ins>lna nasa taka a um lai khan Rev. JJM Nichols Roy chun hieng hin a hril a, “ Tlangmi (Assam Tribal) chi hrang hrang an um a, Assam-a tl^ngmi hai hi democracy ngaina mi an ni a, democracy ror>lna dinga ruohmangna ei siem hi an ta dingin an inhme hle a. Chun, hiengang ro inr>lna hi an lo hriet rawp hlak a nih.” Chu b^kah, Rev.JJM Nichols Roy khan “Assam-ah hin hnam le hnam ink^ra intheidana- Ahom leh Assamese, Bengalee Muslim, le tribal le non tribal ink^rah a um rawp hlak a. Chuleiin, politics thila ham\hatna l^k tum lovin, mithiemhai- Doctor, social worker, zirtirtu, Philosopher, sociologist le Professor kutah mawphurna p>k ding a nih’ tiin a lo hril nawk a nih.
A chunga ang pei hin, tlangmi ngeiin tlangmi chungch^ng chu a hriet lem a, a hei hril khan chu Constituent Assembly member hai ngaipawimaw a hlaw a, an lungril a them hle ta a. Chubakah, Dr. Ambedkar le G. N.Bordoloi hai khawm kha Rev. JJM Nichols Roy-in a lo inhmin hle ta an nih. Chun, Rev. JJM Nichols Roy bawk khan Cabinet Mission kuomah khawm tlangmi hai inr>lbawl d^n ding hai le lekha a lo thel<t tah a. Chuleiin, District Council hung pieng suoknaah hin Rev. JJM Nichols Roy hi a lo bei nasain, a lo thaw hlawk hle a nih.
G.N.Bordoloi khawm khan, \hang a lo lak nasa a, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Advisory Committee Chairman kuoma lekha a thawn khawm khan, tlangmi social custom (khawtlang nun), tribal organisation (tlangmi hai inr>lbawl d^n), nunphung, \awng le zier^ng hai hi an ni puola ror>lna khawl siem p>ka inthawk chau vin venghim thei n$ng an tih tiin a lo hril ta bawk.
Constituent Assembly-a inselna nasa tak a paltlang hnung a, sawt fe chai a ni hnungin, constitutuent Assembly –in Sixth Schedule chu dana hmang dinga pawm a nih. Article 244 (2) le 275 (1) ah hai ziek lut a ni ta a.India ram s<nga hmun dang danga ch>ng tlangmi hai humhalna ding ruok chun, Fifth schedule hi d^na hmang niin, Article 244 (1) -a ziek l<t a nih. Chun, Bordoloi Committee le Excluded and partially Excluded Area (other than Assam) Committee hai remruotna kha constituent Assembly-in pawmpuiin, Fifth Schedule hnuoia um tribal hai ch>ngna chu “ schedule area” ti a ni a. Sixth Schedule hnuoia um tribal hai ch>ngna chu Tribal Area tia hriet a lo ni tah a nih.
Constitution-a ei hmu angin, Tribal (tlangmi) hai ch>ngna hmun le an hluo ram khawm nisien, Sixth Schedule hnuoia um a ni naw chun, Tribal area an ni thei nawh ti hriet a \ha. Constitution –a an lang d^n ang a ni chun, Mizoram s<nga khawm hin Sixth Schedule hnuoia um- Lawngtlai District le Saiha District chau hi Tribal Area an nih.
India Vice President lo ni tah, M. Hidayatull khan, hieng hin a lo hril, ‘Fifth Schedule le Sixth Schedule hi Constitution s<nga constitution um a ni a. Hi schedule pahni hin rambung le biel \henkhata inr>lbawl d^n ding le inenkawl d^n ding hai chieng takin a suklang a nih. Constitution-a peng dang dang hai le an inthlauna ruokchu, constitution-a p>ng thenkhat hi chu parliament member hmun thuma \hen hmun (2/3)-in an pawmpui a, chu b^kah a states-a chanve b>kin an thlawp naw chun an thl^k thei naw a nih. Sixth Schedule ruokchu, simple majority (vote tlawmte-a tamlemin) a thlak thei a nih Sixth schedule hi India Constitution-a p>ng pawimaw tak a ni a. Amiruokchu, constitutiona p>ng dang ngaituo \hak lo va, hrilfie tum khawm hi an dik bik nawh a. Indik tak chun, Sixth Schedule hi constitution –a inthawka l^khran thei a ni \hak nawh. Chun, constitution –in thuneina a p>k hai khawm hi f$mkhur taka bawzui a ngai lem.
Ei ram d^n, India constitution hmang \an d^n ding puong a lo ni le inruol khan, Sixth Schedule-a inlang- Tribal area hai chu hieng hin ziekl<t an nih
Part –A
(1) United khasi-jantia Hills District
(2) Garo Hills District
(3) Lushai Hills District
(4) Naga Hills District
(5) North Cachar Hills
(6) Mikir Hills
Part-B
(1) North East Frontier Tract (Balipara Frontier Tract, Tirap Frontier, Abor Hills District le Mishmi Hills District.
(2) Naga Tribal Areas.
A chunga t^rlanga , Part A popo hi District Council indin theina dinga ruohmangna hai an ni a. Part B ruokchu, a hnufuol zuol le Democracy ror>lna khawl indinna dinga tlak lo, a hranpaa enkawl a la nih. India-in zalenna a hmu hun lai khan, Part B -a mi hai lai hin, saruol ang ela um khawm an la um nuol a nih. Hieng ang khawpa la mawl le hnuoihnung an la ni leiin, Assam Governor kha discretionary power (thuneina vawrtawp, tukhawm rawn lova d^n anga thuneina hlensuok) phalna p>k a lo nih. Ch<ngchun, Part B hi District Council indin lona Sixth Schedule Area ti khawm-in hriet a lo nih”. Part B -a mi hai b^kah, Part A laia inthawk khawmin, A. Z. Phizo keihruoina hnuoia India-a inthawka zal>n an nuom leiin, Naga mipui haiin District Council an dit nawh a, Naga Hills-a District Council a ng$r thei ta nawh a nih.
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