Thusep Ziek Hi

Ziektu: Prof Lal Dena* Inpui.com patron

If you steal from one author, it’s plagiarism. If you steal from two, it’s research.-Wilson Mizner.

Lam hi art (themthiemna) chi khat a nih. Ke pahni le ban pahni nei seng, a lam thiem le zeih bik rieu an um hlak. Thusep ziek khawm hi art a ni a, mi tinin ziek hlak inla khawm, a ziek thiem bik rieu hi an um hlak. Sap mithiem tak tak hai khawm khu thusep ziek thiem (essayist) an ni vawng nawh. Thusep thiem le ziek thiem hi talent a nih a. Chubaka thusep hi mizie hrietna tha tak a nih bawk. Thuvar pakhat chun hmel hi lungril zawngawlna a nih a lo tih a. Chuong ang bawk chun lekhaziek le thusep ziek khawm hi a ziektu mizie zawngawlna a nih. Chuleiin ei lekhaziekhai hi ei mizie hriet theina, ei hlimthla le darthlalang an nina chen a um leiin ziek fimkhur a tul.

Thusep ziek hi in bawl ang deuh a nina a um. In ei bawl ding chun a hma’n a hlimthla (blueprint) ei lo nei hmasa a tul. In lim ziek thiem engineer le architect dam ei ruoi hlak. Chu lima inthawk chun hmangruo lak dan, a lut zat ding le sum seng zat ding khawm ei lo hriet lawk thei vawng hlak. A lim el baka ei in bawl ding a thungpha (foundation) remthat a ngai bawk; chu chun in det indo le tlo ding an nghat tlat a nih. Thusep ziek khawm chuongang tho chu a nih. Ngairuot lawkna (hypothesis) felfai taka ei lo nei chun, ngairuot lawkna ruongam tlangpui (conceptual framework) tha tak ei zam thei bawk hlak. Chuong ang ei lo thaw diem chun sin a zatve zo ang ei nih .

Tulai chu computer khawvela cheng ei ni ta leiin, ieng thupui khawm ziek inla, computer hmangin khawvela library hmun dang dang hai khawm ei pindan chitea inthawkin ei sir zung zung thei tah a, research thaw le data collection hai khawm harsatna a tam ta nawh. Amiruokchu thu le chanchin ei lakna source hi zieksa ngei a tha. Ei thusep ziek thlawptu dingin mi dang lekhaziek le source ei hmang hlak a. Chu hmang dan chu kawng hni a um. Direct taka mi lekhaziek le tawngkam a ni ang anga ei lak sawng chun, chu chu direct citation a nih. Chu thu laksawng po chu inverted coma (quotation mark “ “) sinsiena sungah ei sie hlak. Entirna’n Sanga lekhaziek ka laksawng chun, quotation mark zo charah (Sanga: 2012:p.12) tia ziek a tha. Amiruokchu, Sanga tawng angiel angana la si lovin, indirect takin a thuphung la siin ka hmang thei a. chu chu indirect citation a nih a. Chu khawm chun a ziektupa le ei lakna source kha ziek lang ngei ngei a tha hlak. Hi hi intelectualtual honesty a nih a, ching ding a nih.

Mi ngai dan haw le hmangsuol (plagiarism) ti hin ieng chen am a huom a? Ka concept, theory le hypothesis-hai thlawptu dinga mi dang hai ngaidan direct-in amani indirect-in amani ka hmang thei a, ka lakna source indik taka ka ziek chun, chu chu ‘mi dang ngaidan haw le hmangsuol’ (plagiarism) a ni nawh. Amiruokchu, mi thil hmusuok thar, ngaidan le theory thar keia hmusuok anga ka ziek ruok chun, chu chu ‘mi dang ngaidan hawtu le hmangsuoltu’ ‘plagiarist’ ka ni tina a nih. Chu chu intellectual dishonesty a ni leiin, pumpel hram hram a tha.

Hi le inzawma ziektuhaiin ei hrietzing ding pawimaw dang pakhat chu ‘Intellectual Property Right’ti hi a nih. Computer hmanga hrietna khawvela inzin zung zung thei ei ni tah a. Mithiemha’n research an thawnaa theory thar le thil thar an hmusuokhai hi Intellectual Property Law (IPL) hmangin an humhal hlak. Chuong an thil hmusuok le sinsienahai chu anni phalna laklawk hmasa lova hmang thei a ni nawh. Hla phuok hai sien, an hlaphuok chu phalna la hmasa lova, ei hmang le ei inlet chun, IPL ei baw siet a nih a, hi dan hmang hin lei an min chawitir thei. Manipur sim thlanga chu chanchin tha mansapui inbangna hmasa ei lo ni leiin, thu le hla tienga ei lo burip hmasa a. Ei kawl vel unau suopuihai tam takin ei Pathien hla tuoltohai hi an twang inletin an hmang nasa ve em em a, lawm a um, inro ding khawm a ni nawh. Amiruokchu, ei hlahai an tawnga an inlet pha, a phuoktu hming indik hi mi ziekpek pei hai sien nuom a um.

Hi thu le inzawm hin hril ding tam tak um sienkhawm ei thu chaih le inzawmna bik chauh zuk thlur bing met lem ei tih. Lekhabu ziektu le thusep ziektu chun tu hril ngai lovin copyright ei nei seng. Lekhabu ei sut lem chun copyright neitu chu ‘author’ (lekhabu ziektu) a ni hlak, Author phalna lovin publisher-in lekhabu insuo theina le sut theina right a nei nawh. Chuleiin lekhabu sut a ni hrim hrim chun copyright neitu ‘author’ ti hi makmawa zieksa ngei ngei a ni hlak. Mi lekhabua an thuziek an phalna la lova ei laksawng chun, IPL hmanga khing thei le lei inchawitir thei ei ni ti hi ziektuhai chun ei hriet zing a tul tak meuh a nih. Ziek lang lova, eini awm thusuok anga ei ziek chun rukru ei ni a, chu chu intellectual thief ei nih. Hmar tawng le English-a ka article ziek thenkhat mi thenkhatin an hmang ka hmuh hlak a, mi acknowledge lo le an reference-a khawm ka hming tarlang lova an um ka hmu chang chu inhawih ka ti naw hle hlak. Mi thu ziek ei hmanga, acknowledge ei thaw hin ei ta dingin kiemna nekin hlawkna a ni lem ti hi hriet zing a tha.

Thusep hrim hrim personal reflection tieng panga inthawka thlira ei ziek chun, ei nuom ang ang ei ziek thei. Ei tawnhriet sirsina ziek a ni lem chun sapzek dang an hnaipui tiemsa rawn a ngai kher nawh. Mani awm thusuok ngei ei ziek pha, originality ei nei le nei naw an lang hlak.

Thusep ziek dan tlangpui thenkhat chauh zuk tarlang ei tih. Pakhatnaa Conceptual analysis: Conceptual analysis chun thil ei hmu dan le ngaidan, an umzie le hmang dan thlur bingnain ei hmang tak. Entirna dingin, muol mi lo liemsan ta Pu L.T.Pudaite chun conceptual analysis hmangin ‘Tlawmngaina’ Mizoram and Look East Policy ti lekhabuah khan a ziek a. Hieng ang method bawk hmang hin ‘Taimakna’ ti le a dang dang khawm ei ziek thei. Pahninaa chun Content analysis hmangin ei ziek thei bawk. Entirna dingin British officer pakhat chun “the hill tribes were most anxious for British rule” ti’n report a pek a. Hi thu hi critical taka chaih a ngai. Mingopa hin hnamchawm mizie a hriet nawh. Mingo rorelna tlangrama sukdet nuomna lungril a nei lien. Hnamchawmhai hi tiena tlanga inthawk mi dang awpde le sirdena hnuoia an um ngai nawh ti khawm hi officer hin a hriet nawh a. Tharum hmang chauhin Mingo rorelna zauh thei a nih ti hi a ring dan a nih. Hnamchawmhai hi mi thuhnuoia um tawk tawk thei nawh a. Chuong chu an ni leiin an hel zing zing hlak. A dang khawm khawm hrilsa ding tam tak a la um. Hieng anga thusep ziek hi content analysis a nih.

Thupui thenkhat historical topic an ni chun thil pali suih ngei ngei ding a um;- primary sources, secondary sources, running records le recollections an nih. Dannaranin primary sources chu thilhlui siekhawmna archive, museum, library le mimal thil lakkhawmna/siekhawmna hmunah hai hmu thei an nih. Hieng source-hai hi research paper le thesis ziekna ding chun rawn lo thei lo an nih. Secondary source ei ti hai chu mi dangin lekhabu, annawleh, thusepa an lo ziek ta hai an nih. Secondary (hmang tah) an ni leiin an hlutna chu a bo chuong nawh. Pathumna chu running records mimalin amani organization-in amani document le an thilsiennahai an siekhawmhai an nih. Chun, a palina recollections chu mani chanchin ziekna (autobiohgraphy), memoirs (thil inchikna) le tawngbaua thu inhlansawng (oral sources)-hai hi an nih. Hienghai po po hmang kawp hin analytical or argumentative papers ei ziek hlak. Thusep tlangpuia chu tienami hril ang deuhin narrative-in ei ziek tlangpui.

Thusep hrim hrim critical analysis thawa, a sir leh vel ena atanbawsuta ziek hin tiemtua mawrna (motivation) a pek tha nuom bik. Lala’n chuongchun a ziek a, Thanga chun chuongchun a hril tia thusep ei ziek chun, chuong ang lekhaziek chu “scissor and paste” an ti a; chu umzie chu “chep thlak le bel khawma lekhaziek” tina a nih. Mania awm thusuok (original thinking) ei nei naw tina a nih a. Chuong ang thusep chun tiemtua mawrna a pek ngai nawh. Entirna dingin khawtlanga thiltlung ei analyse ding chun, hieng indawnahai hi a pawimaw: kha thiltlung kha iem a ni a? Iengtin am kha thil kha a tlung el leh? Iengtiziea kha thil kha khang kher kher khan a tlung el amani leh? Khang naw zawng khawm khan a tlung dan a um naw maw? Hieng anga dilsut taka analytical mind neia thil ei suiha ei ziek pha, tiemtu ta dingin mawrna (motivation) a pek tha nuom bik hlak. Thusep ziek hi ngainuom um a ni baka, tiemtua mawrna le chona a pek a, tiemtu’n thusep dang a ziek nawk thei lem chun, a hlawk em em hlak a nih.

Thusep zieknaah hin tawngkam le thumal hmanghai hi dittui nawk zuol inla. Ziektu tukhawm a famkim ei um nawh. Kei khawm ka thusep zieknaa tawngkam ngainuom um lo ka lo hmang ve zeuh zeuh a. ‘Ka pension pha chun’ ti ka zieknaa tawngkam dit um lo deuh ka hmang a, siemthat thei a nit a si nawh. Ni khat lai khan ‘Ruoi, Ruoi, Ruoithe’ ti article ka zieknaa, “Ei pasiet tawl veih leh, ei nei po po dengkhawm inla khawm, Marwari mi hausa pakhat khawm ei tluk zo dim” tiin ka ziek a. Ka thawn ta si, kan sirna’n van a ur. Hieng ang tawngkam dit um lo le tangkailo hi ka lo hmang ve zeuh zeuh hlak a; ching zawm naw tha hlein ka hriet tah.

Hnam changkang lem hai thaw danin mi lekhabu le thusep thlirletpek le lepsepek dam hi ei hung ching deuh deuh ta a, lawm a um. Entirna’n book-review ei thaw chun, a ziektu concept, hypothesis or conceptual framework iem a ni a? A lekhabu ziekna hin ieng thawdan am (methodology) a hmang a? Ieng sources am a hmang a? A source hmanghai hin a lekhaziek a justify zo am? A chapterization a the fuk am? A lekhabu hin baksamna a nei am? A tlangpui thu’n hrietna kawngah le existing literature-a a ziektu contribution iem a ni a- tihai hi ei thlir dan tlangpui a nih. Iengkhawm ni sien ziektu le review-tuhai hi lungril lien tak putin a thu’n insel ei ta, personal mimal thila ruok chu ei lak ngai ding a ni nawh.

Thuhril le tawngbauhai hi chu ieng anga tha khaw ni hai sien, hun a hung sawt a, hrietzing an ni ta ngai nawh. Thusep zieka um, lekhabua mani magazine-a mani insuoa um ruok hi chu a um sawng an ta leiin, siemthat nawk thei a ni tah nawh. Chuleiin tawngkam le thumal hmang kawngah hin ziektuhai hi fimkhur nawk zuol inla nuom a um. Chun, ei thuziekhai a tlawm tawpa vawisari bek ennawn hlak ei tiu. Earnest Hemmingway chun ‘Farewell to Arms’ ti novel bung tawptak a ziek lai chun vawi sawmli a ziek nawn an ti chu. Eini khawm ei thusep ziekhai vawitam ennawn hnunga pe suok chauh hlak inla nuom a um. A hre bik le thiem bik ka ni naw lai zingin, thahnemngaina leiin hi thusep hi ka hung ziek a nih. Mi lungril suknat thei pal a lo um chun, thawpal lieu lieu a nih.

*About the author: Prof Dena teaches history at Manipur University and has written many book on Manipur and tribal culture.